Indo-Islamic Provincial Style Architecture: Bengal to Deccan Styles

Introduction

Indo-Islamic architecture incorporated the local architectural styles of the provisional kingdoms of Bengal, Gujarat, Jaunpur, Golconda, Malwa and the Deccan, giving rise to the Provincial style. 

Exploring the Diversity of Provincial Styles in India

• Bengal: The Bengal roof with sloping cornices, which originated from the bamboo construction, was adopted by the Muslims.
  • Brick was the chief building material and use of stone was limited largely to pillars.
  • Covered brick and Glazed tiles were usually pressed into service for decoration.
  • Examples: Include the Qadam Rasul mosque and Dakhil Darwaja in Gour, Adina mosque in Pandua, Darsbari Masjid in Bengal, and Sidi Said Mosque in Ahmedabad.
• Jaunpur: It was patronized by the Sharqi rulers. It avoided the use of Minars. Examples include Atala Mosque and Lal Darwaza mosque at Jaunpur.
• Malwa: It involves environmental adaptation, as seen in the large windows, arches, artificial reservoirs (Baulis) etc. 
  • A prominent feature was the use of different coloured stones and marbles.
  • Examples: Include the Hindola Mahal, Rani Roopmati Pavilion, Jahaz Mahal, Ashrafi Mahal etc.
• Deccan: It is also known as the Bijapur style and was developed under the patronage of Adil Shah. 
  • The constructions of this style were characterised by 3-arched facade, bulbous dome and use of cornices.
  • Iron clamps and strong plaster of mortar were used to strengthen the buildings. 
    • The ceilings were without any support. 
  • The walls were also decorated with rich carvings. 
    • Gol Gumbaz in Bijapur (Karnataka) was built in this style.

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Conclusion

• Provincial style showcases the diversity and richness of regional cultures, contributing to a mosaic of architectural and artistic heritage that celebrates local identities and traditions.