Zoological Park in India: List, Significance, Conservation and Challenges

PWOnlyIAS March 11, 2024 03:59 4926 0

Explore the diverse world of Indian Zoological Parks – from conservation efforts to challenges, discover the significance of zoos in wildlife protection and the unique role they play in preserving biodiversity.

Zoological Park in India: List, Significance, Conservation and Challenges

Introduction:

Zoos are essentially dry offices where creatures are restricted to nooks and shown to general society, and in which they may likewise be reproduced. Such offices incorporate zoos, safari parks, creature amusement parks, aviaries, butterfly zoos, and reptile focuses, as well as untamed life safe-havens and nature holds where guests are permitted.

What is a Zoological Park?

A place where living animals are kept in enclosures and typically displayed to the public is known as a zoological garden, zoological park, or zoo.
Zoos carry out analysis, schooling, and preservation (like reproducing jeopardized creatures and once in a while once again introducing them into the wild) notwithstanding diversion.
While a few tamed creatures might be saved for show, wild creatures are the primary concentration.
Aquariums are spots where marine spineless creatures, fish, and marine warm blooded animals are kept independently.
Zoos are basic for natural life preservation.

The Role of Zoological Parks in Ex-situ Conservation and Wildlife Protection in India

Zoos or Zoological parks are offices utilized for ex situ protection of creatures.
The practice of conserving organisms outside of their natural environments through a variety of methods, such as captive breeding, aquariums, botanical gardens, and gene banks, is known as ex-situ conservation.
The method involved with safeguarding a jeopardized plant or creature species right at home is normally known as in situ protection. It incorporates Public Parks, Biosphere Stores, Natural life Safe-havens, local area saves, sacrosanct forests and so forth.
Zoos in India are overseen according to the arrangements of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 and directed by the National Zoo Policy, 1998.
The Public authority of India laid out the Central Zoo authority in the year 1992 to administer the working of Zoos in the nation and to control expansion of poorly arranged and misguided Zoos.

Role of Zoological Parks in Wildlife Protection and Conservation

Man Made natural environment: Zoological parks are extraordinary parks or enormous land regions with exceptional restrictions where zoological elements can reside in a man-made regular habitat while being really focused on.
Institutional Control: A zoological park can be either government or private, and it is kept up with by extraordinary independent bodies in India like the Zoological Society of India.
Monitoring of Genotype: Zoological parks are vital to monitor the genotype of a particular life form, so that regardless of whether the organic entity becomes terminated from this world because of man-made or natural factors, mainstream researchers that deals with zoological examination can recuperate such organic entity to keep a locale’s fauna.
Gene Pool: Various locales of a nation have various sorts of zoological parks with a wide assortment of creatures. We have organic entities that are local to sloping districts, and the whole zoological park is underlying this way.
Veterinary Control and care: Zoological parks give the prerequisites to creatures that are all tracked down in the timberland, as well as appropriate veterinary administrations to guarantee that the creatures contract no sickness.
Wildlife Nourishment: The veterinary clinic additionally manages creature sustenance, guaranteeing that creatures get satisfactory nourishment consistently of the day.

A Decade-Long Vision Plan for Indian Zoos (2021-2031)

TheMinistry of Environment Forest and Climate Change delivered the Vision Plan (2021-2031) for Indian zoos by Central Zoo Authority (CZA) to overhaul them to worldwide norms and reinforce Central Zoo Authority.
Vision Document: The target of this vision report is committed to making CZA and Indian zoos an all the more remarkable preservation force by giving unmatched creature care, state of the art research, and vivid guest experience that reverberates with individuals, everything being equal.
The far reaching 10-year vision plan was created following a thorough information mining and partner conference interaction, and it is normal to control India towards ex-situ preservation draws near.

The Role and Authority of the Central Zoo Authority in Shaping Conservation Standards in India

The Central Zoo Authority is a legal body whose essential objective is to uphold least principles and standards for creature upkeep and medical care in India’s zoos.
Governance of Zoos in India: Zoos are regulated by the Wild Life (Protection) Act of 1972 and the National Zoo Policy of 1992. The Central Zoo Authority was established through an amendment to the Wild Life Protection Act in 1991.
Chairman: Minister of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
Objective: To enhance and reinforce the public exertion in the preservation of the country’s rich biodiversity, especially the fauna, as framed in the National Zoo Policy 1998.
Functions: It authorizes least guidelines and standards for the upkeep and medical services of creatures in Indian zoos. Each zoo in the nation should get CZA acknowledgment to work. It can likewise de-perceive zoos.

Dual Roles of Zoological Parks and Botanical Gardens in Conservation

Zoological Park	Botanical Park
A zoological park is a space where creatures are housed in nooks, really focused on, shown to people in general, and conceivably examined.	A professional botanical is an area committed to the development, assortment, conservation, and show of a wide assortment of plants marked with their herbal names.
The essential objective of laying out zoological parks is to protect natural life and keep up with biological equilibrium in the climate.	Greenhouses are spots where plants can be concentrated deductively.
They safeguard species from annihilation and other danger	They give medication, beautifications, and natural air.
Research Activities: Animal behavior studies, veterinary research, and conservation research	Research Activities: Plant genetics, ecology studies, and botanical research
Conservation Efforts: Breeding programs, species reintroduction, and habitat preservation	Conservation Efforts: Rare plant cultivation, seed banking, and habitat restoration

Addressing Concerns in Zoos: Regulatory Non-Compliance, and Disease Transmission

Stereotypic Behaviors: An investigation of tigers and panthers in 6 Indian zoos saw that 83% of the tigers and 62% of panthers showed stereotypic ways of behaving — a sign of pressure.
Non-compliance with CZA Regulations: Zoos frequently don’t observe CZA rules, sabotaging the government assistance of free-running creatures like carnivores.
Spread of Infections: Zoos are progressively being perceived as spots from where zoonotic illnesses could spread.

What is the need of great importance?

Assortment Plan: The CZA and the Wildlife Institute of India ought to foster an assortment plan, or an examination of their creature assortment to direct acquisitions and demeanors.
Picking Creatures: Species ought to be picked in view of how they will add to the objectives of every zoo and which creatures they can really focus on. Zoos can’t be an irregular assortment of animal groups with spontaneous rearing.
Information Sharing: Zoos can work at eco-provincial, State, public as well as global levels to empower the sharing of specialized ability.
Composed Approaches: Zoos ought to have composed arrangements to administer all parts of the creatures.

List of India’s Diverse Zoological Parks

Name	State	Features
Alipore Zoological Gardens	West Bengal	Historic zoo with diverse wildlife and botanical garden.
Amirthi Zoological Park	Tamil Nadu	Natural setting with waterfalls, caves, and a variety of animals.
Arignar Anna Zoological Park Vandalur Zoo	Tamil Nadu	One of the largest zoos in India, known for conservation efforts.
Assam State Zoo-cum-Botanical Garden	Assam	Combines a zoo with a botanical garden, focusing on regional biodiversity.
Bannerghatta National Park	Karnataka	Wildlife safari, butterfly park, and a rescue and rehabilitation center.
Birsa Deer Park (Birsa Mrig Vihar)	Jharkhand	Home to various deer species and other regional fauna.
Bondla Wildlife Sanctuary	Goa	Sanctuary with botanical garden, zoo, and nature trails.
Black Buck Breeding Centre, Pipli Mini Zoo	Haryana	Dedicated to the breeding and conservation of blackbucks.
Chhatbir Zoo(Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park)	Punjab	Known for its extensive facilities and conservation programs.
Chennai Snake Park Trust	Tamil Nadu	Specialized in reptile conservation, education, and research.
Chinkara Breeding Centre Kairu, Bhiwani	Haryana	Focuses on the breeding and conservation of chinkara (Indian gazelle).
Crocodile Breeding Centre, Kurukshetra	Haryana	Dedicated to the conservation and breeding of crocodiles.
Crocodile Breeding Centre, Muta	Jharkhand	Conservation and breeding center for crocodiles.
Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre	Kerala	Rehabilitation and research facility for crocodiles in Kerala.
Gorakhpur Zoological Garden	Uttar Pradesh	A zoo contributing to wildlife education and conservation.
Gorewada Zoo	Maharashtra	Aiming for conservation, research, and recreation with diverse species.
Gopalpur Zoo	Himachal Pradesh	Zoological park with a focus on conservation and education.
Gulab Bagh and Zoo	Rajasthan	Historic zoo with a rose garden and diverse flora.
Deer Park (Mini Zoo Sambalpur)	Odisha	A mini zoo within a deer park with various animal species.
Hisar Deer Park	Haryana	A park dedicated to deer species and conservation efforts.
Indira Gandhi Park	Odisha	A public park with a zoo, named after the former Prime Minister of India.
Indira Gandhi Zoological Park	Andhra Pradesh	Renowned zoo with a focus on conservation and education.
Indore Zoo	Madhya Pradesh	A well-maintained zoo with a variety of species for educational purposes.
Jaipur Zoo	Rajasthan	Established in 1877, it is one of the oldest zoos in India.
Jawaharlal Nehru Biological Park	Jharkhand	A biological park contributing to conservation and awareness.
Jijamata Udyaan	Maharashtra	Mumbai Zoo with various enclosures and a botanical garden.
Kakatiya Zoological Park, Warangal	Telangana	A zoo featuring a variety of fauna and recreational facilities.
Kamla Nehru Zoological Park, Kankaria	Gujarat	Established in 1951, known for its conservation initiatives.
Kurukshetra Zoo	Haryana	A zoo focused on wildlife conservation and public education.
Lucknow Zoo	Uttar Pradesh	Known for its botanical garden and breeding programs.
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust	Tamil Nadu	Specialized in the conservation of crocodiles and other reptiles.
Maitri Bagh	Chhattisgarh	A zoo with a botanical garden, contributing to wildlife conservation.
Manda Zoo	Jammu	Home to various species of animals, promoting biodiversity awareness.
Marble Palace zoo	West Bengal	A private zoo known for its historical significance.
Mysore Zoo	Karnataka	One of the oldest and most popular zoos in India.
Maharajbagh zoo	Maharashtra	A well-maintained zoo with a focus on conservation and education.
Nagaland Zoological Park	Nagaland	A zoo contributing to wildlife conservation and public awareness.
Nandankanan Zoological Park	Odisha	A renowned zoo with a botanical garden and a sanctuary for white tigers.
National Zoological Park	Delhi	Situated in Delhi, known for its diverse collection of animals.
Nehru Zoological Park	Telangana	One of the largest zoos in Asia, known for its conservation efforts.
Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park	West Bengal	Specialized zoo focusing on Himalayan fauna and conservation.
Parassinikkadavu Snake Park	Kerala	A snake park in Kerala, contributing to public education about snakes.
Peacock & Chinkara Breeding Centre, Jhabua	Haryana	Dedicated to the breeding and conservation of peafowls and chinkaras.
Pilikula Biological Park	Karnataka	A biological park with a zoo, botanical garden, and conservation programs.
Pheasant Breeding Centre, Berwala	Haryana	Focused on the breeding and conservation of pheasants.
Pheasant Breeding Centre Morni	Haryana	Dedicated to the breeding and conservation of pheasants.
Pt. G.B. Pant High Altitude Zoo, Nainital	Uttarakhand	High altitude zoo featuring Himalayan fauna and conservation efforts.
Rajiv Gandhi Zoological Park	Maharashtra	Known for its conservation programs and extensive species collection.
Bhagwan Birsa Biological Park	Jharkhand	Focuses on the conservation of biodiversity and public awareness.
Rohtak Zoo	Haryana	A zoo in Rohtak with various animal species.
Sakkarbaug Zoological Garden	Gujarat	One of the oldest zoos in India, known for lion breeding and conservation.
Sanjay Gandhi Jaivik Udyan, Patna	Bihar	A zoological park with botanical gardens and a variety of animals.
Sarthana Zoo	Gujarat	A zoo in Surat contributing to conservation and education.
Pradhyuman Zoological Park	Gujarat	A zoo with conservation programs and a focus on biodiversity.
Sarnath Deer Park	Uttar Pradesh	A deer park with cultural and historical significance.
Sayaji Baug Zoo	Gujarat	Historic zoo with diverse wildlife and botanical garden.
Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary	Tripura	A wildlife sanctuary contributing to conservation in Tripura.
Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park	Andhra Pradesh	Known for its conservation programs and a variety of species.
Tata Steel Zoological Park	Jharkhand	A zoo managed by Tata Steel with various animal species.
Thiruvananthapuram Zoo	Kerala	Popular zoo in Trivandrum with diverse fauna and recreational facilities.
Thrissur Zoo	Kerala	A well-maintained zoo with a variety of species and conservation initiatives.
Vulture Conservation and Breeding Centre, Pinjore	Haryana	Dedicated to the conservation and breeding of vultures.
Etawah Safari Park	Uttar Pradesh	Safari park with a focus on conservation and public awareness.
Nandan Van Zoo	Chhattisgarh	A zoo in Raipur contributing to wildlife conservation and public education.
Kanpur Zoological Park	Uttar Pradesh	Established in 1971, known for its conservation and breeding programs.
Kanan Pendari Zoological Garden	Chhattisgarh	A zoological garden with a focus on conservation and biodiversity.
Sidhharth Garden and Zoo	Maharashtra	A zoo in Aurangabad with various animal species.
Gwalior Zoo	Madhya Pradesh	Established in 1922, known for its conservation initiatives and educational programs.

What is the significance of zoos?

Ex-situ Preservation – Zoos assume a vital part in the protection of imperiled and undermined species.The Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park in Darjeeling, the country’s biggest high-height zoo, was passed judgment on India’s best zoo by the CZA in 2022 for its preservation reproducing programs for red panda.
Focuses of learning – Zoos assume an inexorably significant part as focuses of learning, diversion and motivation.Model – Nandankanan in Odisha, the Arignar Anna Zoological Park in Chennai are significant habitats for ecological training.A ‘zoo teacher’ is in many cases recorded as a choice in untamed life professions.
Future nature gatekeepers – Our zoos have free directed visits and projects. Zoos are assisting with making a force of our future nature gatekeepers, a demonstration of self-perseveration.
Diversion – Zoos give a chance to individuals to encounter a green, calm spot that are a recognized tonic for psychological wellness.
Struggle moderation – Conduct and natural examinations at zoos, for example, the Mysore Zoo, assist with directing preservation approaches for the creature in nature.
The travel industry – India’s 149 perceived zoos draw in a large number of guests consistently.

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Frequently Asked Questions

A Zoological Park, otherwise called a zoo, is an office where residing creatures are kept in nooks and shown to general society. Zoos can take different structures, including zoological nurseries, safari parks, and natural life asylums. They assume an essential part in protection, schooling, and diversion.

Zoos in India are overseen as per the arrangements of the Natural life (Security) Act, 1972, and controlled by the Public Zoo Strategy, 1998. The Focal Zoo Authority, laid out in 1992 by the Public authority of India, administers the working of zoos in the nation and guarantees appropriate administration and protection endeavors.

Zoos assume a crucial part in monitoring jeopardized and undermined species through reproducing programs. Zoos act as instructive focuses, giving data about natural life and preservation.

India has 149 perceived zoos, and they by and large draw in huge numbers of guests every year. The zoos add to the travel industry and assume a pivotal part in advancing ecological mindfulness, natural life protection, and training among the general population. A few famous zoos remember Arignar Anna Zoological Park for Chennai and Mysore Zoo, known for their protection endeavors and instructive projects.

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Zoological Park in India: List, Significance, Conservation and Challenges

Introduction:

What is a Zoological Park?

The Role of Zoological Parks in Ex-situ Conservation and Wildlife Protection in India

Role of Zoological Parks in Wildlife Protection and Conservation

A Decade-Long Vision Plan for Indian Zoos (2021-2031)

The Role and Authority of the Central Zoo Authority in Shaping Conservation Standards in India

Dual Roles of Zoological Parks and Botanical Gardens in Conservation

Addressing Concerns in Zoos: Regulatory Non-Compliance, and Disease Transmission

What is the need of great importance?

List of India’s Diverse Zoological Parks

What is the significance of zoos?

Frequently Asked Questions

What is a Zoological Park?

How are Indian zoos managed?

Why are zoos so significant?

What number of Zoos are There in India, and What is Their Effect on The Travel industry?

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