Ans: C

Exp:

Context: Recently, the Union Health Ministry has issued a warning to States and institutions that continue without regular transplant coordinators posts.

Statement 1 is correct: Organ donation in India is regulated under the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act (THOTA), 1994, which states that no hospital shall be registered for transplantation procedures unless the appropriate authority is satisfied that the hospital has appointed a transplant coordinator with the prescribed qualifications and experience.

Statement 2 is incorrect: The National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organisation (NOTTO) is not primarily focused on importing organs and tissues from other countries to meet domestic demand. 

• NOTTO has a number of initiatives in place to promote organ donation and transplantation within India. 

Statement 3 is correct: The National Organ Transplant Programme aims to coordinate the procurement and distribution of organs and tissues for transplantation. 

• The scheme is currently extended from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
• It is responsible for establishing and managing a national registry of organ and tissue donation and transplantation.

Ans: C

Exp:

Context: A regional partnership of 10 countries says an agreement on the equitable use of water resources from the Nile River basin has come into force despite the notable opposition of Egypt.

• The legal status of the “cooperative framework Agreement (CFA)” was formally confirmed by the African Union after South Sudan joined the treaty, the Nile Basin Initiative.
• The CFA aims to rectify historical imbalances in access to the Nile’s waters and ensure that all Nile Basin countries—whether upstream or downstream—can benefit from this shared resource.

About Nile River:

• The Nile River is considered as one of the longest rivers in the world. It rises south of the Equator and flows northward through northeastern Africa to drain into the Mediterranean Sea. It has a length of about 6,650 kilometres (4,132 miles).
• The Nile basin is huge and includes parts of 11 countries. These countries are Uganda, Sudan, South Sudan, Egypt, Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Kenya. Hence answer 3 is correct.
• The Nile is formed by three principal streams: the Blue Nile  and the Atbara, which flow from the highlands of Ethiopia, and the White Nile, the headstreams of which flow into Lakes Victoria and Albert.

Ans: B

Exp:

Context: Recently, an ossification test was conducted on an accused person in the murder case of NCP leader Baba Siddique to determine if he was a minor.

Statement 1 is correct: An ossification test is a medical procedure that analyses bones in order to determine age.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Vinod Katara vs. State of UP (2022) was a relevant case and said that the bone ossification test is not an exact science that can provide us with the exact age of the person.

Ans: B

Exp:

Context: Central Consumer Protection Authority Issues Guidelines for ‘Prevention and Regulation of Greenwashing and Misleading Environmental Claims’ 2024.  in furtherance to the Guidelines for Prevention of Misleading Advertisements and Endorsements for Misleading Advertisements, 2022 under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. Hence Statement 1 is incorrect:  

• Guidelines prohibit companies from engaging in Misleading Environmental Claims and Greenwashing.

Statement 2 is correct: According to Guidelines, “Greenwashing Guidelines” refers to any deceptive or misleading practice, which includes concealing, omitting, or hiding relevant information, by exaggerating, making vague, false, or unsubstantiated environmental claims and use of misleading words, symbols, or imagery, placing emphasis on positive environmental aspects while downplaying or concealing harmful attributes.

• It simply refers to conveying a false impression that a company’s products are eco-friendly and environmentally sound.

Ans: C

Exp:

Context: India has reached a significant milestone in its renewable energy journey, with the country’s

total renewable energy capacity crossing the 200 GW (gigawatt) mark as of October 10, 2024.

• According to the Central Electricity Authority, the total renewable energy-based electricity generation capacity now stands at 201.45 GW. This achievement underscores India’s growing commitment to clean energy and its progress in building a greener future.

Statement 1 in Incorrect: India’s total electricity generation capacity has reached 452.69 GW, with renewable energy contributing a significant portion of the overall power mix. As of October 2024, renewable energy-based electricity generation capacity stands at 201.45 GW, accounting for 46.3 percent of the country’s total installed capacity.

Statement 2 is Incorrect: Several states in India have emerged as leaders in renewable energy capacity, contributing significantly to the nation’s progress. Rajasthan tops the list with an impressive 29.98 GW of installed renewable energy capacity, benefiting from its vast land and abundant sunlight. 

• Following closely is Gujarat, which boasts a capacity of 29.52 GW, driven by its strong focus on solar and wind energy projects. Tamil Nadu ranks third with 23.70 GW, leveraging its favourable wind patterns to generate substantial energy. Karnataka rounds out the top four with a capacity of 22.37 GW, supported by a mix of solar and wind initiatives.