ICMR Flags Excess Salt Consumption in India

According to the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) and its National Institute of Epidemiology (NIE), Excessive salt intake is emerging as a major health risk in India, contributing to rising rates of hypertension, heart disease, stroke, and kidney disorders. 

Salt Consumption in India

• WHO recommended intake: Less than 5 grams per person per day.
• Urban India: Average intake is 9.2 g/day.
• Rural India: Average intake is 5.6 g/day.
• Both exceed the WHO guidelines.

About the Study

• The initiative focuses on lowering sodium intake using low-sodium salt substitutes.
• It is being conducted by NIE with support from the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
• The project is currently being implemented in Punjab and Telangana.
• Duration: 3 years
• Aims to assess the impact of structured salt reduction counselling delivered through Health and Wellness Centres (HWCs).

Need for Limiting Salt Intake

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in India, accounting for 28.1% of total deaths.
• High salt intake increases hypertension, contributing to over 1.6 million deaths in 2016 (up from 0.78 million in 1990).
• 32.1% of certified deaths in 2020 were due to circulatory system diseases, with hypertension as a key contributor.
• The economic burden is significant—over $2 trillion in projected losses (2012–2030) due to CVDs (World Economic Forum).

Role of Low-Sodium Salt Substitutes

• These blends replace part of sodium chloride with potassium or magnesium salts.
• Shown to reduce blood pressure by 7/4 mmHg on average.
• Considered a practical alternative, especially for individuals with hypertension.

Why is Salt Consumption Important? 

Salt, primarily composed of sodium chloride, is an essential nutrient for the body.

• Function: Helps regulate fluid balance, supports nerve impulse transmission, and enables muscle contraction.
• Health Balance: Adequate intake is necessary for normal body function, but excessive consumption can lead to health issues like hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
• Ensuring moderate and regulated intake is important for overall health and prevention of lifestyle-related disorders.