Pax Silica Initiative: India Joins Global Coalition to Secure Silicon and AI Supply Chains

India joined the Pax Silica initiative on the sidelines of the AI Impact Summit (2026) held in New Delhi. 

• India was not a signatory at the initial summit for reasons that remain unconfirmed.
• The inaugural Pax Silica Summit was held in Washington, D.C. in December, 2025. 

About Pax Silica

• It is formed as a strategic coalition of trusted nations committed to securing the “silicon stack”.
• Pax Silica is a US-led strategic initiative to build a “secure, prosperous, and innovation-driven silicon supply chain” from critical minerals and energy inputs to advanced manufacturing, semiconductors, AI infrastructure, and logistics.

• Strategic Objective: 
  • To streamline supply chains and build a trusted technology ecosystem, recognising that “economic security is national security”.
• Technology Focus: It seeks to secure strategic technology “stacks”, including hardware, software platforms, AI models, and digital infrastructure.
• Membership: Australia, Greece, Israel, Japan, Qatar, Republic of Korea, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom. 

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Significance for India

• Supply Chain Security: Reduces dependence on China in sensitive sectors (telecom, semiconductors, AI).
• Technology Growth: Access to investments, partnerships, and advanced manufacturing ecosystems.
• Strategic Positioning: India becomes part of the global tech order realignment, aligning with trusted industrial bases.

Rationale for the Coalition

• Countering China: Pax Silica is designed to respond to China’s dominance in critical minerals processing, rare earths, and semiconductor supply chains.
• Reducing Strategic Vulnerabilities: It aims to limit risks arising from concentrated supply chains, and export controls
• Alliance-Based Order: The initiative promotes a trusted economic order among like-minded countries in the AI and digital economy

Operational Mechanisms

• Sectoral Coverage: Cooperation will span critical minerals, semiconductor design, fabrication and packaging, logistics and transportation, compute infrastructure, energy grids, and power generation.
• Investment Framework: The initiative will ease the pursuit of new joint ventures and strategic co-investment opportunities.
• Technology Protection: It seeks to protect sensitive technologies and critical infrastructure from undue access or control by countries of concern.
• Partner countries have committed to build trusted technology ecosystems, including ICT systems, fiber-optic cables, data centers, foundational models and applications.

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India’s Initiatives to Support Silicon & AI Supply Chains

• India’s Semiconductor Push: Launched in 2021, the USD 10 billion India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) aims to develop a domestic semiconductor ecosystem and reduce import dependence.
• India’s AI Strategy: Launched in 2024, the IndiaAI Mission with a budget of ₹10,372 crore aims to develop indigenous Large Language Models (LLMs) and strengthen domestic AI capabilities.
• National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM): It aims to secure India’s self-reliance in critical minerals for high-tech, clean energy, and defense.
• Minerals Security Partnership (MSP): A US-led initiative to secure critical mineral supply chains by promoting production, processing, and recycling for maximum economic benefit.

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