India Should Refuse America’s ‘NATO Plus Five’ Bait

July 4, 2023

GS Paper II International Relations

Context:

In May 2023, the U.S. House Select Committee on the Strategic Competition between the United States and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), recommended strengthening the ‘NATO-Plus Five’ framework by including India in the grouping.

About North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):

Transatlantic Military Alliance: NATO is a transatlantic military alliance of 31 countries, with the majority of members from Europe.
Relevant till now: After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, many thought that NATO would lose its relevance.
- On the contrary, NATO has not only survived but also expanded, with Finland joining as its 31st member (April 2023), and Sweden waiting in the wings.
Russia Factor: NATO appears to be getting the much-needed ground for survival, because of Russia’s tirade against it and the invasion of Ukraine.
Cold War 2.0: With NATO swelling its expanse, some analysts even see the onset of Cold War 2.0.

‘NATO Plus Five’:

NATO Plus Five: It refers to a security arrangement of NATO and the five treaty allies of the U.S. — Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Israel, and South Korea as members.
Aim: To enhance “global defense cooperation” and win the “strategic competition with the Chinese Communist Party”.
Not Officially Recognized: The term ‘NATO Plus Five’ is not an officially recognised or established concept within NATO itself, but has been used in discussions and debates regarding the potential expansion of the alliance.
Complex Inclusion Process: The inclusion of these countries as members would require a complex process of negotiation and assessment of their compatibility with NATO’s principles, obligations, and defense commitments.

Feature	NATO	NATO Plus Five
Established	1949	2006
Membership	31 Countries	5 Countries: Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand & South Korea
Major Members	United States, United Kingdom, France, Germany & Italy	Australia, Israel, Japan, New Zealand & South Korea
Purpose	To deter aggression against any NATO member & to protect the security of the North Atlantic region	To enhance defense cooperation, interoperability and security coordination between the United States, NATO & the five partner countries
Structure	Formal military alliance with a unified command structure	Loose defense cooperation framework
Benefits	Access to NATO’s military resources including intelligence, planning & training	Enhanced defense cooperation, interoperability and security coordination with the United States & NATO
Limitations	NATO members are obliged to come to the aid of any other member that is attacked	There is no obligation for NATO members to come to the aid of a NATO Plus member that is attacked

Opportunities For India From NATO Plus:

Security Umbrella: In light of increasing regional security challenges, India joining the NATO Plus framework could provide it with a security umbrella, with protection and deterrence against potential threats.
Advanced Technology & Information Sharing: India could also gain access to advanced military technologies, intelligence-sharing platforms, and interoperability with other member-states.
Enhance Capabilities: It could potentially strengthen India’s defense capabilities and modernisation efforts.

Concerns With The Joining NATO Plus:

Balancing Relations with Russia: Russia is an important ally for India, aiding in regional security and balancing China. Joining NATO Plus could weaken India’s strong partnership with Russia.
Limit India’s Independent Actions:
- Joining NATO Plus will limit India’s freedom of action and prevent it from pursuing an independent policy towards China. China will take it as an opportunity to further build infrastructures along the India-China border, in the name of security.

Limiting Flexibility in engaging with Regional Powers:

Joining a NATO framework would require India to align its defense and security policies with the objectives and strategies of the alliance, thereby potentially undermining India’s traditionally maintained policy of strategic autonomy.
Variation in Agendas:
- India’s priorities lie in addressing its own regional challenges such as border disputes, terrorism, and regional conflicts, while NATO has a larger geopolitical agenda starting from Eurasia to the Indo-Pacific may divert resources.

Conclusion:

India aims to safeguard its strong ties with Russia and preserve its ability to make independent decisions regarding its defense and foreign policy.
India’s External Affairs Minister stated that the military alliance is not suitable for India and clarified that India has no intention of joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), led by Western countries.

News Source: The Hindu