Option (d) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is not correct: The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), under the Union Education Ministry, recently announced the India Rankings 2023 of higher education institutions.
• Statement 2 is not correct: The Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Madras retained its position as the best educational institution in overall ranking for the fifth consecutive term, while Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru was rated the best university in the country for eight years in a row.
• Statement 3 is not correct: The five broad categories of parameters identified in the NIRF are teaching, learning and resources, research and professional practice, graduation outcome, outreach and inclusivity, and perception. 

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• The world’s largest grouping of crude oil producers, commonly known as OPEC+, agreed recently to extend ongoing production cuts into 2024 as it seeks to keep oil prices from falling amid concerns about a global economic slowdown. 
• OPEC was established in 1960 by founding members Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, and now it has 13 member states which are Algeria, Angola, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
• In 2016, with the addition of another 10 allied major oil-producing countries, the OPEC is known as OPEC+.
• OPEC+ countries include 13 OPEC member countries and Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan and Sudan.

Option (c) is correct

Explanation:

• Both ATLAS and CMS are particle detectors.
• ATLAS is the largest general purpose particle detector experiment at the Large Hadron Collider.
• CMS is one of the largest international scientific collaborations in history, with the same goals as ATLAS, but it uses a different magnet-system design.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, the 22nd Law Commission has said in its recent report that there is no justification for introducing any change in the law relating to adverse possession.
• Statement 1 is correct: The concept of adverse possession stems from the idea that land must not be left vacant but instead, be put to judicious use. 
  • Essentially, adverse possession refers to the hostile possession of property, which must be “continuous, uninterrupted, and peaceful.”
• Statement 2 is not correct: Right to Property ceased to be a fundamental right with the 44th Constitution Amendment in 1978.
• Statement 3 is correct: It was made a Constitutional right under Article 300A. Article 300A requires the state to follow due procedure and authority of law to deprive a person of his or her private property.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation:

• Statement 1 is correct: Recently, the National Cybersecurity Coordinator, outlined a draft of the “Delhi Declaration”, a series of commitments to “responsible state behaviour in cyberspace” for G-20 member countries, drawn from existing non-binding norms that they have already signed onto under the auspices of the United Nations.
• Statement 2 is correct: If adopted, G-20 countries would commit to “not damage critical infrastructure or other essential systems; commit to cooperate, mitigate and investigate cyber incidents, and other malicious activities in cyberspace, in particular when it comes to ransomware; commit to protect and not disrupt software supply chains; commit to respect international law and rule of law in cyberspace; and commit to protecting the humanitarian sector,”.