Ans: C

Exp: 

Governor General Lord Cornwallis was the organiser of civil services in India.

Lord Wellesley established Fort William College for the training of new recruits in 1800. However, it was not approved by the court of directors. Thus, it ceased functioning in 1806.

Charter Act 1853, opened the civil services to open competition. Charter Act, 1833 tried for the open competition in civil service , but it was opposed by the directors of the company. Hence, the proposal was struck down.

Lytton introduced the Statutory Civil Service for Indians.

Ans: A

Exp:

Statement 1 is correct: Indian Council Act 1861- The portfolio system laid the foundations of cabinet government in India, each branch of the administration having its official head and spokesman in the government, who was responsible for its administration.

Statement 2 is incorrect: Indian Council Act 1892 – Some important provisions of the Act were:

•  Though the term ‘election’ was firmly avoided in the act, an element of indirect election was accepted in the selection of some of the non-official members.
•  The members of the legislatures were now entitled to express their views upon financial statements which were henceforth to be made on the floor of the legislatures.
•  They could also put questions within certain limits to the executive on matters of public interest after giving six days’ notice.

Ans: C

Exp:

Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was one of the significant Constitutional Developments during British rule which was a step towards the passage of Administration from Company to the British Government. Some of the Important provisions of the Act were: 

• • The Pitt’s India Act gave the British government a large measure of control over the Company’s affairs. The Company became a subordinate department of the State. The Company’s territories in India were termed ‘British possessions’.
  • A Board of Control consisting of the chancellor of exchequer, a secretary of state, and four members of the Privy Council (to be appointed by the Crown) was to exercise control over the Company’s civil, military, and revenue affairs. All dispatches were to be approved by the Board. Thus, a dual system of control was set up – Board of Control and Court of Directors
  • In India, the governor general was to have a council of three (including the commander-in-chief), and the presidencies of Bombay and Madras were made subordinate to the governor general.

•  A general prohibition was placed on the aggressive wars and treaties.

Ans: A

Exp:

The Royal Commission on Decentralisation (1907) was set up to give recommendations   regarding the effective functioning of local bodies, which made the following recommendations:

• It emphasised that village panchayats should be entrusted with more powers, like judicial power in petty cases, incurring expenditure on minor village works, village schools, small fuel and fodder reserves, etc. The panchayats should be given adequate sources of income. Hence, Statement 1 is correct.
• It emphasised the importance of sub-district boards, which were to be established in every taluka or tehsil.
• The municipalities might undertake the responsibility for primary education and, if willing, for middle vernacular schools also. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.

Ans: B

Exp:

 Indian Councils Act, 1861 provided for the constitution of the Legislative Council which possessed no real powers. Some of the weaknesses of the Council are: 

• It could not discuss important matters, and no financial matters at all without previous approval of the government.
• It had no control over the budget. Hence, Statement 1 is incorrect.
• Even if the Viceroy approves, the Secretary of State could disallow legislation. Hence, Statement 2 is incorrect.
• It could not discuss executive action. Hence, Statement 3 is correct.
• Final passing of the bill needed the viceroy’s approval.
• The viceroy could issue ordinances in case of emergency. Hence, Statement 4 is correct.