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Unemployment has emerged as a major issue in India’s economic policy discussions. Recently, Economic Survey 2023-24 also highlighted that India needs to create 78.5 lakh new non-farm jobs annually until 2030 to meet the growing demand of its workforce.
Industry 4.0
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1. Innovative Approaches: To address these challenges, India can explore incorporating following innovative learning methods:
Adopting these approaches in India’s government-led skilling programs could improve the quality and outcome of training.
2. Leveraging Existing Platforms: SWAYAM and SIDH: India has already launched following platforms:
Addressing India’s unemployment challenge requires not only the creation of new jobs but also ensuring that the workforce is equipped with the right skills.
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The Syrian Civil War, ongoing since 2011, involves complex geopolitical dynamics between Assad’s regime, backed by Iran and Russia, and various rebel factions, causing immense humanitarian and regional instability.
Assad’s regime has survived, in large part, due to support from two major allies:
These alliances position Syria as a secondary, but important, player in the emerging geopolitical alliance involving China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea.
The Syrian Civil War involves a web of conflicting interests:
Note: Syria’s population is 85 to 90 percent Sunni, while Assad’s regime represents a minority Alawite (Shia) sect. The initial protests and discontent stemmed from the Sunni majority’s dissatisfaction with the regime, and the lack of resistance from the people played a significant role in the conflict’s escalation. |
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The recent rebel advances seem to be linked to a temporary weakening of Assad’s allies:
These distractions have created an opening for the rebels to strike.
The opposition to Assad is fragmented, with two main factions leading the charge:
The geopolitical dynamics between the U.S.,Turkey, and the Kurds are shaped by competing interests in the Middle East.
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India’s robust economic growth over the past few decades has been a matter of global recognition. However, this rapid growth has often been associated with increasing stress, particularly through rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This raises concerns about the sustainability of India’s growth trajectory and its potential impact on climate change.
Note: The 2023-24 Economic Survey of India makes an important claim: that India has decoupled its economic growth from GHG emissions. |
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There are two main types of decoupling:
Significance of Decoupling:
Decoupling economic growth from emissions is crucial for sustainable development for several reasons:
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India’s relative decoupling is a commendable achievement but falls short of absolute decoupling, which poses significant challenges due to the following reasons:
Global Comparison: Many developed countries have achieved some degree of absolute decoupling, but this has often come after decades of high emissions during their industrialization phase. |
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As India has made ambitious climate commitments under the Paris Agreement, including achieving net-zero emissions by 2070. Achieving absolute decoupling is critical for meeting these goals and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.
To progress toward absolute decoupling, India must adopt policies and initiatives that support both economic growth and environmental preservation:
India’s claim of relative decoupling reflects progress but also highlights the challenges ahead. While economic growth outpacing emissions growth is a positive sign, the ultimate goal of absolute decoupling remains a distant but necessary target. Sustainable development demands that India continue its efforts to integrate economic policies with climate action, ensuring prosperity for its people and a healthy planet for future generations.
Mains Question: |
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The modern education system is critiqued for delaying life milestones, with prolonged academic preparation often leaving individuals unprepared for real-world challenges. Practical skills and quicker paths may be more effective.
1. The long path of Modern Education System(10+2+4+2 Model): Modern education often requires an extended commitment:
Despite spending over 18 years in formal education, many individuals still feel unprepared for real-world challenges. This raises concerns about the efficiency and effectiveness of such a prolonged system.
2. Limited Practical Relevance
3. The Global Comparison Pressure
4. The Discipline and Rigor Argument
5. The Shift to Overeducation and Unemployment
One possible reason for this delay is the increase in life expectancy due to advances in modern medicine.
While we now live longer, the author advocates that the productive years of our lives might not have necessarily expanded proportionally. Hence, postponing traditional milestones is risky. |
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The traditional education path requires rethinking, as excessive years of theoretical learning often delay personal and professional milestones. A practical, real-world approach is essential to better align education with success and readiness for modern challenges.
Mains Question: |
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