On Indian Diplomacy, The Global Order

The Prime Minister’s visits to Oman, Ethiopia, and Jordan underscored India’s shift toward transactional diplomacy and its ambition to lead the Global South, with all three nations being key regional partners under initiatives such as the Voice of the Global South.

Key Outcomes of the Prime Minister’s Visits

• Oman- Economic and Strategic Convergence:
  • CEPA-Focused Economic Engagement: Discussions focused on the proposed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA).
  • CEPA vs FTA Scope and Depth: Unlike a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which mainly reduces tariffs on goods, a CEPA covers trade in goods and services, investment, and broader economic cooperation.
  • Strategic Gateway and Energy Security: Oman’s proximity to the Strait of Hormuz makes it critical for India’s maritime security, energy security, and access to the Gulf Cooperation Council.
  • Expanding Bilateral Trade: India–Oman trade has doubled to nearly USD 10 billion in recent years.
  • Gaza and Two-State Position: The India–Oman Joint Statement supported a resolution of the Gaza conflict through a sovereign and independent Palestinian state.
  • Diplomatic Consistency Requirement: India must reiterate this position during upcoming high-level engagements in the region. 
• Ethiopia- Strategic Partnership and Global South Leadership:
  • Strategic Partnership Launch: India initiated a strategic partnership focused on technology cooperation and knowledge sharing.
  • African Union Headquarters Advantage: Ethiopia’s status as the headquarters of the African Union enhances its diplomatic and multilateral relevance.
  • BRICS and Global South Agenda Setting: As a new BRICS member, Ethiopia provides a platform for India to shape the Global South agenda within BRICS.
  • India’s BRICS Chairmanship in 2026: India’s upcoming BRICS Chairmanship makes Ethiopia a key partner in advancing developmental and economic cooperation.
• Jordan- Diplomatic Balancing in West Asia: 
  • De-Hyphenation and Diplomatic Balance: Engagement with Jordan alongside Israel reflects India’s balanced West Asia diplomacy.
  • Support for the Two-State Solution: The visit reaffirmed India’s commitment to a two-state solution to the Israel–Palestine conflict.
  • IMEC and Regional Stability Concerns: Discussions assumed importance due to the ongoing West Asian conflict, the Gaza peace proposal, and the stalled India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor.

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Conclusion 

The visits underscore India’s pragmatic and balanced diplomacy, advancing economic interests, reinforcing Global South leadership, and maintaining strategic autonomy in West Asia, thereby strengthening India’s role as a reliable partner in a multipolar order.

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