The Indian Ocean is emerging as a focal point for global climate, economic, and geopolitical shifts, prompting calls for a new Blue Economy framework.

India’s Oceanic Vision- From UNCLOS to Present Challenges

• India at UNCLOS: During the 1970s–80s UNCLOS negotiations, India opposed resource-only views of oceans, supported vulnerable states, and championed the “Common Heritage of Mankind”, asserting shared global ownership of ocean resources.
• Nehru’s Vision: In the 1950s, Jawaharlal Nehru foresaw India’s prosperity as linked to the seas, stressing cooperation over dominance in ocean governance.
• Modern Threats: The Indian Ocean, home to one-third of the world’s population, faces acute climate vulnerability, reflecting a growing Tragedy of the Commons.

Major Threats to the Indian Ocean Region

• Heating and Acidification: Oceans are absorbing excess CO₂, becoming warmer and more acidic, which negatively affects marine life.
• Rising Sea Levels: Rising sea levels pose an existential threat to small island nations, such as the Maldives.
• Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing: Large trawlers engaging in IUU fishing destroy marine life, threatening food security and livelihoods.

Three Pillars of India’s Blue Ocean Strategy

• Stewardship: India seeks to move from rule-making to practice, treating the Indian Ocean as a Laboratory of Sustainability, not a zone of rivalry—promoting cooperation and ecosystem restoration despite strategic challenges like China’s String of Pearls.
• Resilience: Acknowledging that climate change cannot be halted immediately, India focuses on adaptation, aiming to be a Regional Resilience and Ocean Innovation Hub by sharing technologies (e.g., tsunami warning systems) and acting as the First Responder in regional crises.
• Inclusive Growth: Through the Blue Economy, India pursues development with conservation—green shipping, offshore renewables (marine wind farms), and bio-based medicines from aquatic resources.

Case For Blue Ocean Strategy

• Rising Global Funding Focus: International finance is increasingly prioritising ocean protection and the blue economy.
• Key Global Initiatives:
• • Blue Economy and Finance Forum (BEFF) 2025: €25 billion investment pipeline; €8.7 billion new commitments with near public–private parity.
  • Finance in Common Ocean Coalition: $7.5 billion annual pledges for ocean action.
  • Development Bank of Latin America: Blue economy target doubled to $2.5 billion by 2030.
  • COP-30 (Brazil): One Ocean Partnership launched under the Belém Action Agenda, aiming to mobilise $20 billion by 2030.

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Way Forward for India in the Indian Ocean

• Indian Ocean Blue Fund: India should establish an Indian Ocean Blue Fund, operating like a venture capital fund for ocean projects, to finance sustainable marine initiatives, build regional goodwill, and reinforce India’s leadership in ocean governance.
• Security through Sustainability: Shift focus from naval dominance, traditional security measures to climate and resource-based threats, ensuring stability and preventing piracy.
• Strengthening Regional Initiatives: Expand programs like the Sagar Initiative (Security and Growth for All in the Region, 2015) to make the Indian Ocean a zone of peace, stability, and prosperity.
• Cooperative Approach: There is a need to maintain consultative, outcome-oriented strategies that position India as the First Responder in regional crises.

Conclusion

Amid climate stress and geopolitical rivalry, India’s Blue Ocean Strategy—rooted in stewardship, resilience, and inclusive growth—offers a cooperative path to transform the Indian Ocean into a zone of sustainability, stability, and shared prosperity.

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