The Viksit Bharat Shikhsha Adhisthan Bill, 2025, seeks to overhaul India’s higher education regulatory architecture in line with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 by replacing fragmented oversight with a unified, transparent, and outcome-oriented framework.

Need For the Bill

• Multiple Regulators in Higher Education: There is an existence of multiple regulators in higher education: 
  • University Grants Commission (UGC): Established in 1956 for general universities.
  • All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE): Established in 1987 for technical education, and
  • National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE): Established in 1993 for teacher education. 
• Issue of Over-Regulation: This multiplicity of regulators led to over-regulation and the prevalence of an ‘Inspector Raj’.
• NEP Vision: The bill has been introduced to implement the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which advocates “light but tight regulation.
  • NEP originally proposed the HECI (The Higher Education Commission of India), which is now to be realized under the Viksit Bharat Shikhsha Adhisthan Bill, 2025.

New Structure Proposed Under the Bill

• Vikshit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan: The proposed Bill seeks to repeal the UGC, AICTE, and NCTE Acts, and consolidate these regulators into a single overarching higher education body named Vikshit Bharat Shiksha Adhishthan.
• Institutional Structure: The proposed body will focus on policy direction and coordination and will comprise three specialised councils under a single regulatory framework.
  • Regulatory Council (Viniyaman Parishad): Acts as the primary regulator, responsible for compliance, standard-setting for foreign universities, and authorising colleges to award degrees.
  • Standards Council (Manak Parishad): Sets academic quality benchmarks, including faculty qualifications, curriculum standards, and learning outcomes.
  • Accreditation Council (Gunvatta Parishad): Conducts institutional grading and quality assessment through a dedicated Institutional Accreditation Framework.
• Financial Powers: The body will not have grant-giving powers, in line with National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, which mandates separation of regulation and funding.
  • Funding will be handled through a Ministry of Education–driven mechanism.
• Composition & Selection: Headed by a Chairperson of eminence appointed by the President of India, with a maximum of 12 members, including the presidents of the three councils and the Secretary, Higher Education.
  • Members will be nominated by a Search-cum-Selection Committee.
• Enforcement Powers: Strengthens regulatory teeth by replacing the weak penalty regime of the UGC Act, 1956 with stringent fines ranging from ₹10 lakh to ₹2 crore, including a ₹2 crore penalty for operating an institution without approval.
• Transparency: The bill also seeks to enhance transparency through a technology-driven single-window system requiring institutions to self-upload all financial and course-related details online for public disclosure.

Key Concerns with the Proposed Higher Education Framework

• Federalism Issues: Although education is a Concurrent List subject, the Bill gives primacy to the Central Government in case of disputes with the Council and empowers the Union to supersede the body for up to six months, limiting State autonomy.
• Marginal Role of States: The Bill makes no provision for State Higher Education Councils, with State representation limited to rotational nominations, raising concerns over cooperative federalism.
• Fees Regulation Gap: The framework is silent on fee regulation, prompting fears of unregulated fee hikes and deeper commercialisation of higher education, particularly by private institutions.
• Sectoral Exclusions: Medical, legal, agricultural, and veterinary education are excluded from the framework and continue under sector-specific regulators such as the National Medical Council, leading to a fragmented regulatory landscape. 

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Conclusion

The Viksit Bharat Shiksha Adhisthan Bill, 2025, represents a major structural reform aimed at simplifying regulations and realising the vision of the NEP 2020. However, concerns regarding federalism, fee regulation, and State participation will be critical to determining its long-term legitimacy and effectiveness.

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