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A series of fatal plane crashes in December 2024, including the recent Jeju Air disaster, has claimed hundreds of lives and sparked concerns over aviation safety.
Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)
Other organizations related to civil aviation in India:
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Aspect | Details |
Growth and Market Size | India is the third-largest aviation market globally, projected to become second-largest by 2030. |
Passenger Traffic | Handled 341 million passengers in FY 2023-24, including domestic and international travelers. |
Fleet Size | Indian carriers operate a fleet of over 700 aircraft, expected to increase to over 1,200 by 2030. |
Regulatory Authority | Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) |
Airports and Infrastructure | 148 operational airports, with expansion projects underway to reach 220 airports by 2025 (UDAN initiative). As per AAI plan, 300 airports in India by 2047. |
UDAN Scheme | Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik (UDAN) launched to boost connectivity to underserved and unserved areas. |
Employment | The sector supports 4 million jobs, directly and indirectly, contributing to economic growth. |
Cargo Traffic | Handled 3.4 million metric tons of air cargo in FY 2023-24, a key driver of e-commerce and exports. |
FDI Policy | Allows up to 100% FDI in scheduled air transport services (49% via automatic route). |
About International Air Transport Association (IATA)
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International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
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Best Global Examples of Aviation Safety
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Recent aviation accidents highlight the persistent need for stringent safety measures, advanced technology, and proactive risk management. While global aviation safety has improved significantly, challenges like human errors, infrastructure gaps, and external hazards demand continuous vigilance and collaboration to ensure safer skies.
The Communist Party of India is celebrating its centenary year in 2025 (December 26, 1925).
What Is Communism?
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Communist Party of India (Marxist)
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The CPI has consistently and strongly resisted efforts to weaken constitutional safeguards, stressing the importance of social and economic justice in a country still facing significant inequalities. This continuing struggle is crucial for protecting India’s democratic structure against the threats of communal fascism and exploitative capitalism.
Despite 1.2 lakh overseas Indians registering for the 2024 Lok Sabha elections, voter turnout was very low.
State | Registered Electors (2024) | Voted (2024) | Turnout (%) |
Kerala | 89,839 | 2,670 | 2.97% |
Andhra Pradesh | 7,927 | 195 | 2.46% |
Maharashtra | 5,097 | 17 | 0.33% |
Gujarat | 885 | 2 | 0.23% |
Telangana , Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Assam, Goa, Bihar | Multiple states with zero turnout among registered overseas voters. |
Voting Rights of Expatriates
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The low participation of overseas Indian voters in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections calls for urgent electoral reforms. Simplifying voting mechanisms and addressing logistical barriers can empower the Indian diaspora to actively engage in the democratic process, fostering a more inclusive electoral system.
About NRI
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National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) approved the translocation of 15 tigers from Madhya Pradesh to Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha.
Aspect | Kanha Tiger Reserve (Kanha-Kisli National Park) | Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve | Pench Tiger Reserve |
Significance | Largest national park in Madhya Pradesh | Known for one of the highest densities of Royal Bengal Tigers in India | Spans across Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra |
Location | Maikal range of the Satpura Mountains | Between the Vindhyan and Satpura ranges in Umaria district, Madhya Pradesh | Spans the Seoni and Chhindwara districts in Madhya Pradesh and extends into the Nagpur district in Maharashtra |
Distinct Feature | First tiger reserve in India with an official mascot, ‘Bhoorsingh the Barasingha‘ (IUCN Status: Vulnerable) | Home to the ancient Bandhavgarh Fort, linked to the legend of Lord Rama and Lakshmana | Inspiration for Rudyard Kipling’s “The Jungle Book”; Pench River flows through the heart of the reserve |
Vegetation | Tropical moist deciduous forests | Tropical moist deciduous forests, sal trees, grasslands, and bamboo on lower slopes | Southern dry broadleaf teak forests and tropical mixed deciduous forests |
Flora | Predominantly Sal (Shorea robusta) forests | Notable species include Saj, Dhaora, Tendu, Arjun, Amla, and Palas | Includes teak, saag, mahua, and various grasses and shrubs |
Fauna | Home to Royal Bengal Tigers, leopards, sloth bears, and Indian wild dogs | Known for the highest density of Royal Bengal Tigers; also leopards, wild dogs, wolves, jackals, chital, sambar, barking deer, nilgai, and chowsingha. | Abundant populations of chital, sambar, nilgai, gaur (Indian bison), wild boar; key predators include tigers, leopards, wild dogs, and wolves |
Avian Diversity | Rich birdlife with species like Malabar Pied Hornbill, Indian Pitta, and Grey-Headed Fishing Eagle | Diverse bird species, including Malabar Pied Hornbill, Indian Pitta, and Grey-Headed Fishing Eagle | Over 325 species of birds, including Malabar Pied Hornbill, Indian Pitta, and Grey-Headed Fishing Eagle |
The central government will borrow ₹3.94 lakh crore via T-bills in January-March FY24, up from ₹2.47 lakh crore in October-December, per RBI’s auction calendar.
About Government Securities (G-Secs)
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Zero-Coupon SecurityA zero-coupon security is a debt instrument that doesn’t pay periodic interest (coupons) to the holder. Instead, it’s sold at a deep discount to its face value. At maturity, the investor receives the full face value of the bond. |
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Advantages of Treasury Bills | Disadvantages of Treasury Bills |
Safety and Security: Backed by the Indian government, making them low-risk investments. | Liquidity Tightness: High borrowing through T-Bills can indicate constrained liquidity in the financial system. |
Liquidity: Can be easily sold in the secondary market before maturity, offering ease of exit. | Market Sensitivity: Increased supply of T-Bills may impact short-term interest rates and market stability. |
Short-Term Investment Horizon: Ideal for meeting short-term financial goals like emergency funds or vacations. | Investor Concentration: Predominantly held by financial institutions, limiting retail investor participation. |
Diversification: Helps reduce overall portfolio risk by adding a low-risk asset class. | Limited Returns: Yields are generally lower compared to other investment options with higher risks. |
By addressing these challenges and leveraging effective monetary tools, the government and RBI can ensure stable borrowing conditions and robust financial market operations.
Sea otters are restoring California’s coastal ecosystems by consuming thousands of invasive green crabs annually at Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve, effectively tackling a persistent ecological challenge.
Keystone Species
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Subspecies | IUCN Status | Distribution |
Enhydra lutris lutris (Asian sea otter) | Endangered | Kuril Islands, Commander Islands |
Enhydra lutris kenyoni (Northern sea otter) | Endangered | Aleutian Islands to Oregon |
Enhydra lutris nereis (Southern sea otter) | Endangered | Central and Southern California |
Note: All three sea otter subspecies are classified as Endangered by the IUCN
India’s first Fishing Cat Collaring Project, led by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII)-Dehradun, is set to complete its second census in the coming weeks.
Tens of thousands of migrants left West Africa in 2024 for Canary Islands, a Spanish archipelago close to the African coast that has increasingly been used as a stepping stone to continental Europe
The recently published ‘The India State of Forest Report (ISFR) 2023’ has highlighted the country’s successful efforts to balance development with environmental conservation.
India has a history and culture which puts great emphasis on the idea of ‘living in harmony’ with the nature, showcased in the lifestyle of various communities and individuals.
The appointment of Indian origin Sriram Krishnan as senior policy adviser on Artificial Intelligence in the Donald Trump administration has reignited the political debate over skilled immigration in the United States.
The H-1B Visa
Green Card
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Context: Rajasthan has launched the M-Sand Policy 2024 to promote sustainable construction and infrastructure.
Context: Unconfirmed images of a Chinese sixth-generation fighter jet are circulating online.
Context: The article focuses on the Historic Coffee Plant at CSI Church, Pallikkunnu.
Context: A contingent of 334 Indian Army personnel has departed for Nepal to participate in the 18th edition of the Battalion-Level Joint Military Exercise SURYA KIRAN.
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