Rise in Saltwater Crocodile Population: Insights from Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha

15 Jan 2024

Context:

There are 1,811 saltwater crocodiles in Odisha’s Bhitarkanika, the annual census reveals.

The annual census is being conducted in January as it is a suitable time to count the animals because of peak winter, exposure of more than 50 per cent of mud banks and the lunar cycle.
The presence of 1,811 crocodiles in the park is a marginal increase from last year’s census numbered at 1,793.

Location: District Kendrapara, Odisha
It is surrounded by Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary.
- It lies in the estuarial region of Brahmani-Baitrani with Bay of Bengal lying in the East
Ramsar site: It is Ramsar site since 19 August 2002 and is Second site from state of Odisha after the Chilika Lake.
Rivers: Brahmani, Baitarani, Dhamra, and Pathsala.

Scientific name: Crocodylus porosus
Protection Status:
- IUCN Red List Status: Least Concern
- CITES: Appendix I
- Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule I
They are the largest crocodile species on the planet, with individuals that are 8-10m long.
Saltwater Crocodiles in India:
- Bhitarkanika National Park
- Sundarbans
- Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Habitat: Typically found in the brackish water of estuaries.

Bhitarkanika is the second-largest mangrove forest ecosystem in India after the Sundarbans in West BengaI.
Fauna: Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), Indian python, king cobra, black ibis, darter etc. Olive ridley turtles nest on Gahirmatha and other nearby beaches.
Unique features:
- All the 3 species of crocodiles ie. Gharial ( critically endangered), Mugger crocodile (vulnerable) and Saltwater crocodile are found in the Bhitarkanika national park.
- Bagagahana or the heronry near Surajpore creek: Here Thousands of birds colonise the creek for nesting and perform aerial acrobatics prior to mating making for an impressive sight.