Answer

Great-power competition in the Indian Ocean refers to the geopolitical rivalry among major global powers for influence, resources, and strategic dominance in the region. Mauritius, located near vital sea lanes, plays a key role in India’s Security and Blue Economy initiatives. India – Mauritius Trade has grown by 132% in the last 17 years, from USD 206.76 million in 2005-06 to USD 554.19 million in 2022-23

Great-Power Competition in the Indian Ocean

• China’s Expanding Naval Presence: China is enhancing its maritime dominance through port infrastructure, military bases, and naval patrols in the Indian Ocean, challenging regional stability.
  For example: China’s Djibouti military base and investments in Hambantota (Sri Lanka) and Gwadar (Pakistan) expand its strategic reach in the region.
• US Military Presence and Indo-Pacific Strategy: The United States aims to counter China through strategic partnerships, military alliances, and naval operations under the Indo-Pacific strategy.
  For example: The QUAD alliance (India, US, Japan, Australia) conducts Malabar naval exercises to enhance maritime security and deter Chinese expansionism.
• European and Gulf Interests: France, the UK, and Gulf nations are strengthening their economic and military ties in the Indian Ocean, increasing competition.
  For example: France has a permanent military base in Réunion, while Gulf nations invest in port infrastructure in Madagascar and Mauritius.
• Russia and Iran’s Expanding Footprint: Russia and Iran are deepening security and economic ties in the region, particularly through arms sales and strategic partnerships.
  For example: Russia supplies advanced weaponry to African coastal states, while Iran supports naval operations near the Persian Gulf and Indian Ocean.
• Geopolitical Importance of Maritime Trade: 30% of global containerised cargo, while 42 per cent of global crude oil pass through the Indian Ocean, making it a contested strategic zone.
  For example: The Strait of Malacca, Bab el Mandeb, and the Mozambique Channel are vital chokepoints controlled by competing global powers.

Strategic Significance of Mauritius for India

• Vital Maritime Outpost: Mauritius’ location in the Western Indian Ocean enhances India’s maritime security and trade dominance in critical sea lanes.
  For example: India’s Agaléga military infrastructure project strengthens regional surveillance and logistics capabilities.
• Countering Chinese Influence: India’s strong historical and economic ties with Mauritius help counterbalance China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments.
  For example: India’s $500 million infrastructure investments in Mauritius surpass China’s attempts to establish a dominant economic presence.
• Multilateral and Regional Leadership : Mauritius’ role in Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) and SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) aligns with India’s strategic vision.
• Diplomatic and Economic Gateway to Africa: Mauritius serves as a financial hub connecting India with African and Middle Eastern markets.
  For example: The India-Mauritius Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CECPA) facilitates trade and investment flows between India and Africa.
• Strengthening Multilateral Alliances: Mauritius’ participation in IORA (Indian Ocean Rim Association) and other multilateral bodies enhances India’s regional leadership.
  For example: India-Mauritius joint exercises, like VARUNA and MILAN, boost regional maritime cooperation.

Counterbalancing Chinese Influence and Ensuring Sustainable Cooperation

• Enhanced Defense Collaboration: Deepen military cooperation, maritime patrols, and intelligence-sharing to limit Chinese strategic penetration.
• Strategic Infrastructure Development: Build dual-use infrastructure (ports, airports, logistics hubs) to balance Chinese investments while ensuring Mauritius’ autonomy.
• Boosting Economic and Digital Ties: Expand financial services, trade, and digital connectivity to reduce dependency on Chinese capital.
• Leveraging Soft Power and Cultural Diplomacy: Utilize historical, linguistic, and educational linkages to reinforce India’s goodwill and influence.
  For example: India provides scholarships, medical aid, and diplomatic training to Mauritian professionals.
  

Mauritius remains a key pillar of India’s strategic vision in the Indian Ocean, serving as both a security outpost and an economic gateway. By deepening defense cooperation, expanding trade partnerships, and leveraging historical ties, India can effectively counterbalance China’s growing influence while ensuring sustainable and mutually beneficial cooperation. A development-centric, climate-resilient, and security-driven approach will not only solidify India’s position as a regional leader but also foster long-term trust with Mauritius.

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