Answer:

Introduction:

The South China Sea (SCS) dispute, involving China and several Southeast Asian nations, is a strategic concern with substantial implications for global trade, regional stability, and maritime security. For India, the SCS dispute poses significant challenges and opportunities, shaping its foreign policy and maritime security.

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Implications on India’s Foreign Policy

• Act East Policy:
  • The SCS dispute impacts India’s ‘Act East’ policy which aims at improving relations with Southeast Asian nations. 
  • The dispute may affect India’s diplomatic relations with China and the ASEAN countries involved.
  • For example, in 2020, India backed Vietnam (a claimant in the SCS dispute) in drilling rights in the SCS, which resulted in China issuing a strong rebuke to India.
• Balancing Power Relations:
  • The dispute allows India to balance power relations with China and also with other major powers like the U.S. and Japan that have interests in the region.
  • For example, India has joined the U.S., Australia, and Japan in the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (Quad), aimed at promoting peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region, indicating India’s willingness to confront China’s aggressive stance in the SCS.

Implications on India’s Maritime Security

• Threat to Freedom of Navigation:
  • China’s claims in the SCS could endanger the principle of freedom of navigation, affecting India’s maritime trade. 
  • Around 55% of India’s trade with the Indo-Pacific region transits through the SCS.
• Naval Power Dynamics:
  • The SCS dispute significantly alters the naval power dynamics in the region. 
  • China’s increasing naval dominance in the SCS could pose a threat to India’s naval interests.

India’s Contribution to Peaceful Resolution

• Advocacy for International Law:
  • India can emphasize the importance of respecting international maritime law, specifically the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).
  • For example, in 2016, after the Permanent Court of Arbitration’s ruling against China’s claims in the SCS, India called for all parties to respect UNCLOS, indicating its stand on the rule of law.
• Promoting Dialogue:
  • India can play a mediating role by promoting dialogue between the disputing parties.
  • For instance, through platforms like the East Asia Summit and the ASEAN Regional Forum, India can advocate for peaceful conflict resolution.

Conclusion:

The South China Sea dispute has significant implications for India’s foreign policy and maritime security. It presents India with the challenge of balancing its relations with China and ASEAN countries while safeguarding its maritime interests. India, with its growing global stature, can contribute to the peaceful resolution of the dispute by promoting dialogue, supporting international law, and facilitating confidence-building measures. The SCS dispute underscores the importance of a rules-based international order and the need for collective, peaceful efforts to address such complex security issues.

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