Answer:

Introduction

Revolutionary activities were carried out by individuals and groups like Anushilan Samiti, who sought to challenge British colonial rule and bring about independence for India using violent means. It can be summarized through Yugantar’s lines, “The thirty crores of people inhabiting India must raise their sixty crores of hands to stop this curse of oppression. Force must be stopped by force.” They had a significant impact on the eventual achievement of independence.

Body

Revolutionary activities during British rule

• Formation of secret societies: Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar emerged to actively resist British rule which carried out activities such as bomb-making and targeted assassinations.
• India House (London) It served as a meeting place, disseminating revolutionary ideas and planning activities to oppose British colonial rule in India.
• Ghadar Movement: It was formed in 1913 by Indian immigrants in the United States, aimed to overthrow British rule in India and attempted an armed uprising in Punjab in 1915.
• Kakori Conspiracy: In 1925, the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) orchestrated it to fund their revolutionary activities led by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan.
• Chittagong Armoury Raid: In 1930, Surya Sen and his comrades executed the Chittagong Armoury Raid symbolizing the spirit of militant nationalism and resistance.

The plan of actions of revolutionaries in broadening the base for freedom struggle

• Mass Mobilization: For example, the Anushilan Samiti, led by Barindra Kumar Ghosh, organized secret meetings and distributed revolutionary literature to promote anti-British sentiments.
• Revolutionary Cells and Secret Societies: Revolutionary groups like the Ghadar Party and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) established secret cells to coordinate their activities.
• Cultural Nationalism: They revived traditional Indian arts, literature, and folklore to foster a sense of national identity and pride.
• Women’s Participation: Inspired by revolutionaries like Pritilata Waddedar, a member of the Chittagong Armoury Raid, sacrificed her life for the cause of independence.
  
• International Solidarity: For instance, the Ghadar Party had a strong presence in the United States and worked to garner support from the Indian diaspora. HSRA took inspiration from Irish Nationalists.
• Simultaneous revolutions: Revolutionaries outside India aimed to launch simultaneous revolutions across British colonies.
• Armed invasion: They advocated for armed invasion of India to weaken the colonial forces and inspire local support for the cause. Example- Chittagong arms robbery.
• Political awareness: They focused on spreading political awareness among the masses, educating them about their rights and the need for self-governance.
• Ending exploitation of man by man: By advocating for social and economic justice, aimed to eliminate the injustices perpetrated by the oppressive colonial system.

Conclusion

There were determined efforts of revolutionaries during British rule in India, who sought to challenge colonial authority and inspire a mass uprising for independence. As seen in their plan of actions to broaden the base of the freedom struggle during British rule in India.

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