Make in India: 12 Years of Manufacturing, Investment and Industrial Growth

Subject: GS 03: Economy

Context: Make in India completed 12 years on 25 September 2026, with expanded focus on domestic manufacturing, investment and technological capabilities.

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About Make in India

• Make in India is a flagship Government initiative aimed at transforming India into a global hub for manufacturing, design and innovation.
• Launch: The initiative was launched on 25 September 2014 by the Government of India.
• Nodal Ministry: Ministry of Commerce and Industry
• Guiding Principle:  “Minimum Government, Maximum Governance ”
• Objectives
  • Promoting manufacturing: The initiative seeks to increase the share and competitiveness of manufacturing in the Indian economy.
  • Attracting investment: It aims to facilitate both domestic and foreign investment through regulatory and procedural reforms.
  • Enhancing innovation: It promotes indigenous technology, research, design and development capabilities.
  • Creating employment: It seeks to generate productive employment by expanding manufacturing and industrial ecosystems.
  • Strengthening value chains: Recent emphasis has shifted from final-product assembly towards components, machinery, strategic materials and advanced technologies.
• Phases
  • Make in India 1.0: The initial phase, launched in 2014, concentrated on investment facilitation, ease of doing business, infrastructure development and manufacturing promotion.
  • Make in India 2.0:  It was expanded in 2021 to focus on 27 sectors, comprising 15 manufacturing sectors and 12 service sectors.
    • The covered manufacturing sectors include automobiles, electronics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, defence manufacturing, renewable energy, food processing and chemicals, among others.

Achievements of Make in India

• Electronics Manufacturing: Electronics production increased from about ₹1.9 lakh crore in 2014-15 to ₹13.11 lakh crore in 2025-26, representing nearly a sevenfold increase.
  • Mobile-phone production increased from about ₹18,900 crore to ₹6.3 lakh crore during the same period.
• Defence Manufacturing: Indigenous defence production increased from ₹46,429 crore in 2014-15 to a record ₹1.78 lakh crore in FY 2025-26, reflecting substantial expansion in domestic defence capabilities.
• Steel Industry: India’s crude steel production increased from 81.7 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 170 million tonnes in 2025-26, strengthening domestic industrial capacity.
• Railways: Indian Railways manufactured 54,809 coaches during 2014-24, while 6,677 LHB coaches were produced in 2025-26, supporting modernisation and indigenous production.
• Production Linked Incentive (PLI): PLI schemes covering 14 sectors had attracted ₹2.6 lakh crore investment and generated ₹23.8 lakh crore production and sales by June 2026, besides supporting 14.6 lakh jobs.

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