Option (a) is correct

Explanation:

• Recently, a G-7 Foreign Ministers meet was held in Tokyo, Japan. G7 appeals for humanitarian pauses in Gaza, seeks hostages’ release.
• The Group of Seven (G7) is an informal grouping of seven of the world’s advanced economies, including Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.
• G7 countries shared fundamental values such as freedom, democracy, and human rights, and exchanged views on important challenges the international community faced at that time, such as the global economy, regional affairs and various global issues.
• The G7 does not have a formal charter or a secretariat. 
• The Presidency, rotates among member countries each year, is in charge of setting the agenda.

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

• The executive board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a proposal to make a 50 percent increase in the quota allocated to members in proportion to their current quotas.
• Quotas are the building blocks of the IMF’s financial and governance structure. 
• Statement 1 is correct:An individual member country’s quota broadly reflects its relative position in the world economy. 
• Quotas are denominated in SDRs, the IMF’s unit of account. 
• The SDR is an international reserve asset, created by the IMF in 1969 to supplement its member countries’ official reserves.
• These determine the maximum amount of financial resources a member is obliged to provide to the IMF. 
• They are also key determinants of voting power besides the maximum amount of loan a member can avail of.
• Statement 2 is correct: The Quota formula includes GDP (50%), openness (30%), economic variability (15%), and international reserves (5%).

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation:

• One year after the initiation of Project Cheetah, India’s attempt to reintroduce African cheetahs into the country’s wild, has reported significant accomplishments. 
• Cheetahs were declared extinct in India in 1952.
• Statement 1 is correct: National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA),  a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, is the implementing agency of  Project Cheetah.
• Objective: The Indian government hopes to bring 50 cheetahs from African countries to various national parks over the next five years.
• Currently, a total of 20 radio collared Cheetahs were brought from Namibia and South Africa to Kuno National Park, Madhya Pradesh, in a first ever transcontinental wild to wild translocation i.e  Africa to Asia.
• Statement 2 is correct: Asiatic Cheetah is critically Endangered whereas African cheetah is Vulnerable 

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• Recently, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has released the State of Food and Agriculture report.
• Key Findings of the Report:
  • Hidden Costs of Agrifood Systems:India’s hidden agrifood costs reached approximately $1.1 trillion, making it the world’s third-largest contributor after China and the United States.
  • Major Contributors in India:
    • The largest share (60%) of hidden costs in India stems from the burden of disease, mainly productivity losses due to dietary patterns.
    • Social costs associated with agri food worker poverty contributed 14% of the hidden costs.
    • Environmental costs related to nitrogen emissions represented 13% of India’s hidden costs.
• Global Overview:
  • China contributed 20% of the global hidden costs, and the United States contributed 12.3%.
  • The hidden costs for China and the US were $2.5 trillion and $1.5 trillion, respectively.

Option (d) is correct.

Explanation:

• Armenia is looking forward to early linkages between the International North South Transport Corridor (INSTC) and the Chabahar Port for seamless connectivity.
• INSTC is a multi-modal transportation project established in 2000 in St. Petersburg, by Iran, Russia and India.

• Purpose: It is a multi-modal transport project that spans over 7,200 kilometres and aims to ease the transportation of cargo among Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Central Asia, Europe, as well as India and Iran.
• Corridor: It connects the Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf to the Caspian Sea via Iran, then is connected to St. Petersburg and Northern Europe via Russia.   
  • It begins in Mumbai and goes to Bandar Abbas and Bandar-e-Anzali in Iran, then crosses the Caspian Sea to reach Astrakhan, Moscow, and St. Petersburg in Russia.
• The member countries of the INSTC include India, Iran, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Tajikistan, Turkey, Ukraine, Belarus, Oman, Syria.