Option (c) is correct.

Explanation: 

• The Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY), a free foodgrain distribution scheme, will be extended for the next five years which was scheduled to end on December 31, 2023.
• PM-GKAY is a scheme as part of Atmanirbhar Bharat to supply free food grains to migrants and poor. 
• Statement 1 is correct: PMGKAY provides 5 kg of foodgrains to each family holding a ration card free of cost and the 5 kg of subsidized foodgrain already offered through the Public Distribution System (PDS).
• Statement 2 is correct: Families belonging to Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) and Priority Households (PHH) categories will be eligible for the scheme.
• PHH are to be identified by State Governments/Union Territory Administrations as per criteria evolved by them. 
• Statement 3 is not correct: AAY families are to be identified by States/UTs as per the criteria prescribed by the Central Government.
• Statement 4 is correct: All primitive tribal households are eligible for the scheme.

Option (c) is correct.

Explanation: 

• The government recently permitted certain Indian companies to directly list on select foreign stock exchanges, which will allow these companies to access global capital and boost capital outflows.
• Statement 1 is not correct:  A depositary receipt (DR) is a negotiable certificate representing shares in a foreign company traded on a local stock exchange.
• Statement 2 is correct: Depositary receipts allow investors to hold equity shares of foreign companies without the need to trade directly on a foreign market.
• American Depository Receipts (ADR):  They are shares issued in the U.S. from a foreign company through a depositary bank intermediary. 
• Statement 3 is not correct: Global Depository Receipts (GDR) are shares issued in foreign markets of more than one country.  For example, an Indian company that issues its shares through a depositary bank intermediary into the London market and the United States market.

Option (b) is correct

Explanation: 

• According to the finance ministry, India abstained from Pakistan’s stand-by arrangement (SBA) loan request to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in its executive board meeting earlier this year. 
• The IMF does not publicly disclose how each country voted on the SBA approvals. 
• The SBA arrangement provides short-term financial assistance to countries facing balance of payments problems.
• Countries’ economic policies must address the problems that led the country to seek funding. 
• SBA is provided with conditionality. Disbursements conditional on the observance of quantitative performance criteria. 

Option(d) is correct

Explanation: 

• An earthquake at 6.4 Richter Scale struck western Nepal and its tremors were felt in several parts of north India.
• Statement 1 is not correct:  Nepal is on the boundary of two tectonic plates viz. the Indo-Australian and the Eurasian plates, being pushed up against and underneath one another.  
• Statement 2 is not correct: Focus (Hypocenter) is the point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts. 
• Epicentre is the point at the surface of the Earth above the focus.
• Richter Scale was invented in 1935 by Charles F. Richter to rate the magnitude of an earthquake, that is the amount of energy released during an earthquake.
• Statement 3 is not correct: While the Mercalli scale measures the intensity, or the effects, of an earthquake on a particular place, the Richter scale describes the earthquake’s magnitude by measuring the seismic waves that cause the earthquake. 
• The Mercalli scale is linear and the Richter scale is logarithmic. i.e. a magnitude 5 earthquake is ten times as intense as a magnitude 4 earthquake.

Option (a) is correct.

Explanation: 

• The World Customs Organisation (WCO) and the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) have released their first ever guidelines on cooperation between customs and port authorities.
• It will strengthen trade and transport facilitation, compliance and supply chain security. 
• Statement 1 is not correct:  The World Trade Organisation(WTO) is the only international body dealing with the rules of trade between nations. 
• The World Customs Organization is the only intergovernmental organization exclusively focused on customs matters.
• The WCO is an intergovernmental organization of 185 member countries, whose customs administrations process over 98 per cent of international trade. 
• Statement 3 is correct:  Its main activities include developing standards for customs procedures, capacity building of its members and promoting cooperation between the customs administrations of its members. 
• Statement 2 is not correct: The International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH) is the global trade association for seaports worldwide. It is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. 
• Formed in 1955, it has now been recognised as the NGO representing ports worldwide.