Answer:

Introduction:

Stubble burning, a prevalent agricultural practice in states like Punjab, has garnered significant attention due to its detrimental effects on air quality, especially in the National Capital Region (NCR). With the onset of the harvesting season, farmers resort to this method for quick clearing of fields, leading to a host of environmental and health issues.

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Issues Associated with Stubble Burning:

• Air Quality Deterioration: The recent data reveals a spike in stubble-burning cases in Punjab. Delhi’s air quality has plummeted from “poor” to “very poor” category. The particulate matter PM2.5 levels soar up to 60 times the World Health Organisation’s safe limit post the burning.
• Health Hazards: With PM2.5 levels shooting up, there’s an increased risk of respiratory illnesses, heart issues, and other health problems among residents of affected areas.
• Socio-political Conflicts: The recurring issue has led to a blame game between different states, especially between Delhi and Punjab, with both pointing fingers at each other for the exacerbation of the pollution crisis.
• Economic Implications: The graded action response plan (GARP) has led to restrictions like a ban on coal, firewood, and truck traffic in Delhi, affecting businesses and daily-wage earners.
• Inadequate Infrastructure: Farmers have pointed out the lack of access to crucial machinery like bailers and seeders, which could provide alternatives to stubble burning.
• Agricultural Concerns: The burning of stubble also destroys the essential nutrients in the soil, reducing its fertility for the next crop.

Innovative Measures to Recycle Crop Residue:

• Crop Residue Management Machinery: Promote and subsidize machinery like the Super Straw Management System (Super SMS), which cuts and spreads the crop residue, aiding in its decomposition.
• Bioenergy Production: Convert crop residues into bioenergy sources, such as biogas or biofuel, providing farmers with an additional source of income.
• Incorporation in Paper Industry: Crop residues can be utilized as raw materials in the paper industry.
• Composting: Encourage large-scale composting of crop residue, which can later be used as organic manure, enhancing soil health.
• Promotion of Alternative Crops: Mr. Mann’s suggestion of crop diversification can be further developed by offering financial incentives or subsidies to farmers for cultivating alternative crops that produce less residue.
• Education and Training: Regular training sessions for farmers on the detrimental effects of stubble burning and the benefits of recycling crop residue.

Conclusion:

Stubble burning, though perceived as a quick solution by farmers, brings along myriad challenges, particularly concerning environmental and public health. Addressing the issue requires an amalgamation of administrative efforts, technological interventions, and farmer participation. Through innovative residue management strategies, not only can we tackle pollution but also pave the way for sustainable agricultural practices.

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