Ghost Island in Caspian Sea

A transient “ghost island” which was born from a mud volcano eruption in the Caspian Sea has been reported in the news. This island emerged in early 2023 and receded into the sea by the end of 2024.

About Ghost Island

A “ghost island” refers to a temporary landmass that appears and disappears due to natural geological or environmental phenomena, such as mud volcano eruptions, sediment accumulation, or tidal and erosion processes.

• In Caspian Sea, the “ghost island” was created by the eruption of the Kumani Bank mud volcano. 
• The island emerged in early 2023, and quickly eroded away by the end of 2024.

About Mud Volcano

A geological phenomenon where gases, liquids, and sediments erupt to the surface, creating temporary landforms. Often found in tectonic zones, they can expel methane and mud, sometimes causing fiery eruptions. They often form in tectonically active regions with high subsurface pressures.

• Example: Azerbaijan, home to over 300 mud volcanoes, including the Kumani Bank.
• Hazards: Flammable gas emissions, potential for large sediment expulsion, and even fiery eruptions.

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