Mumps Outbreak in Kerala: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Context

Kerala Mumps Outbreak: Kerala is currently facing a surge in mumps cases. 

Mumps Outbreak in Kerala: Key Highlights

• This viral infection has become a cause for concern, especially in the Malappuram district and other parts of north Kerala.
• So far, There are around 11,467 cases this year. 
• Kerala’s Malappuram district is densely populated which increases the risk of disease exposure.
• Traditional beliefs of local people towards vaccination have also played a major role in its (mums) prevalence. 

What is Mumps Disease?

• Mumps is caused by the paramyxovirus. 
  • It is also known as parotitis. 
  • It transmits through close contact or airborne droplets from the respiratory system of an infected individual.
• Disease and its complications: In most cases, mumps is self-limiting, but it can lead to complications such as:
  • Swelling of the brain
  • Hearing loss
  • Painful inflammation of the testis in adult males
• Mumps Disease Symptoms: The symptoms usually appear two to four weeks after exposure. 
  • The most distinctive symptom is swelling of the salivary glands.
• Age Group: While mumps mostly affects young children, it can infect teenagers and adults.

Challenges in Controlling Kerala Mumps Outbreak

• Vaccine Hesitancy: Some people in Kerala, especially Malappuram, hesitate to get vaccinated.
  • It is due to misinformation, fear or cultural beliefs.
• High Contagion: Mumps spreads quickly through droplets in places like schools and homes. Therefore, stringent measures are required to prevent further spread.
• Silent Carriers: Some infected people show no symptoms, making it hard to stop the spread.
• Resource Challenges: Kerala’s healthcare system may struggle with the sudden increase in cases. There is a need for sufficient healthcare resources such as hospital beds, medical supplies, and trained personnel. 
• Lack of Universal Immunization: The mumps-measles-rubella (MMR) vaccine is not part of the government’s universal immunisation program. As a result, many children may not have received adequate protection against mumps. Efforts are needed to expand vaccine coverage and accessibility.

News Source: Indian-express

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