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BAHMANI KINGDOM (C.1347- 1525 CE): RISE, CONFLICT, AND POLITICAL HISTORY

BAHMANI KINGDOM (C.1347- 1525 CE): RISE, CONFLICT, AND POLITICAL HISTORY

 

THE BAHMANI KINGDOM (1347-1527 A.D.)

  • Bahmani Kingdom was a Muslim state of the Deccan in Southern India during the medieval era in Indian History.
  • The nobles of Bahmani kingdom were categorized in two categories: Afaquis and Deccanis. Deccanis were nobles of native origin while Afaquis had foreign origin.
  • It was founded by Alauddin Hasan Bahman Shah (in 1347), also known as Hasan Gangu, revolting against the Delhi Sultanate of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
  • Gulbarga and in later time Bidar were capital of it.
  • The Bahamani kingdom acted as a cultural link between the South & the North.
  • The Kingdom stretched from north to south from the Wainganga river to Krishna and east to west from Bhongir to Daulatabad.
  • There were a total of 14 Bahaman Sultans.
  • The Bahmani Empire was always at war with Vijayanagara Empire for control over Deccan. Firoz Shah invaded Vijayanagar and defeated Krishna Deva Raya I.
  • Ahmad Shah Wali later shifted Capital from Gulbarga to Bidar.
  • Muhammad Shah III became the sultan at the age of 9 after the death of his brother Nizam Shah and Mahmud Gawan served as Prime Minister.
  • Bahmani Empire reached its zenith during the time of Mahmud Gawan who was a minister of the Empire.
  • Kalimullah was the last king of the Bahmani dynasty.

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BAHMANI KINGDOM POLITICAL HISTORY

Mahmud Gawan: 
  • He was Iranian by birth and was a trader. He was granted the title of Malik-ul-Tujjar (Chiefs of Merchants) by Humayun Shah.
  • For almost 20 years he dominated the state affairs of the Bahmani. Under his leadership Bahamani kingdom saw resurgence.
  • He divided the kingdom into eight provinces called Tarafs. Each Taraf was governed by the Tarafdar. The salary was paid in cash or by assigning a Jagir.
  • A tract of land called Khalisa was set apart for expenses of the Sultan.
  • Introduced use of Gunpowder in war against Vijayanagar Kings.
  • He built a college at Bidar in Persian Style architecture.
  • Executed in 1481 by Muhammad Shah, Deccan nobles plotted against him.

 

After Gawan’s Execution, Bahmani kingdom disintegrated into Five Kingdoms: 

  • Bahmani kingdom disintegration
    • Nizam Shahis of Ahmadnagar
    • Adil Shahis of Bijapur
    • Qutub Shahis of Golconda
    • Imad Shahis of Berar
    • Barid Shahis of Bidar

   

Nizam Shahis of Ahmednagar (1490-1633 AD):
  • Founder – Ahmad Nizam Shah.
  • It was conquered & annexed by Shah Jahan in 1633.
Adil Shahis of Bijapur (1490-1686 AD)
  • Founder – Yusuf Adil Shah.
  • Gol Gumbaz was built by Muhammad Adil Shah.
  • Bijapur was conquered & annexed by Aurangzeb in 1687.
Qutub Shahis of Golconda (1518- 1687 AD):
  • Founder – Muhammad Quli Qutub shah.
  • He built the famous Golconda fort and made it capital.
  • Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah founded the city Hyderabad (originally known as Bhagyanagar) and also built Charminar.
  • It was annexed by Aurangzeb in 1687.
Imad Shahis of Berar

(1490-1574 AD)

  • Founder – Fatullah khan Imad ul Mulk.
  • Capital – Daulatabad
  • Annexed by rulers of Ahmednagar.
Barid Shahis of Bidar

(1528-1619 AD):

  • Founder – Ali Barid
  • Annexed by Bijapur rulers.

 

ART & ARCHITECTURE OF BAHMANI KINGDOM:

  • The architecture was highly influenced by Persian architecture. They invited architects from Persia, Turkey and Arabia.
  • The Gulbarga fort & Jama Masjid in Gulbarga, Bidar Fort and Madrasa by Mahmud Gawan in Bidar, are the major architectural contributions.
  • Gol Ghumaz was built by Muhammad Adil Shah; it is famous for so called “Whispering Gallery”
  • Ibrahum Adil Shah introduced ‘Dakhini’ in place of Persian as a court language.

Also Read: The Beauty of Sufi and Bhakti Movement: Importance and Difference

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 Final Result – CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2023.   Udaan-Prelims Wallah ( Static ) booklets 2024 released both in english and hindi : Download from Here!     Download UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers PDF  Free Initiative links -1) Download Prahaar 3.0 for Mains Current Affairs PDF both in English and Hindi 2) Daily Main Answer Writing  , 3) Daily Current Affairs , Editorial Analysis and quiz ,  4) PDF Downloads  UPSC Prelims 2023 Trend Analysis cut-off and answer key

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 Final Result – CIVIL SERVICES EXAMINATION, 2023.   Udaan-Prelims Wallah ( Static ) booklets 2024 released both in english and hindi : Download from Here!     Download UPSC Mains 2023 Question Papers PDF  Free Initiative links -1) Download Prahaar 3.0 for Mains Current Affairs PDF both in English and Hindi 2) Daily Main Answer Writing  , 3) Daily Current Affairs , Editorial Analysis and quiz ,  4) PDF Downloads  UPSC Prelims 2023 Trend Analysis cut-off and answer key

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AVAILABLE FOR DOWNLOAD SOON
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
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Quick Revise Now !
UDAAN PRELIMS WALLAH
Comprehensive coverage with a concise format
Integration of PYQ within the booklet
Designed as per recent trends of Prelims questions
हिंदी में भी उपलब्ध

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