PRIME MINISTER VS CHIEF MINISTER: POWERS, APPOINTMENT, AND FUNCTIONS

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PRIME MINISTER VS CHIEF MINISTER: POWERS, APPOINTMENT, AND FUNCTIONS #

COMPARING ROLES: PRIME MINISTER VS CHIEF MINISTER IN PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS #

Parliamentary System of Government

At Centre

President – Nominal Executive (‘de jure) executive i.e. Head of Country

PM – Real Executive (‘de facto) executive i.e. Head of Government

At State

Governor – Nominal Executive (‘de jure) executive i.e. Head of State

Chief Minister – Real Executive (‘de facto) executive i.e. Head of Government

Also Read: CENTRAL & STATE COUNCIL OF MINISTER: ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES

PARAMETERS	PRIME MINISTER (PM)	CHIEF MINISTER (CM)
APPOINTMENT & OATH	Article – 75. By President.	Article – 164. By Governor.
APPOINTMENT & OATH	The Constitution does not contain any specific procedure. Convention of Parliamentary system Leader of majority party is appointed as PM/CM. In case of no clear majority President/Governor may exercise their personal discretion in the selection and appoints PM/CM respectively. The PM/CM has to seek a vote of confidence within a Month in their respective House. When the PM/CM in office dies suddenly and there is no obvious successor the President/Governor may have to exercise his individual judgement in the selection and appointment of the PM/CM. Constitutionally, the PM/Chief Minister may be a member of any of the two Houses of a Parliament/State Legislature. A person who is not a member of the Parliament/State legislature can be appointed as PM/Chief Minister for six months, within which time, he should be elected to the Parliament/State legislature. (Provided by Supreme Court in one of the judgments).
TERM	Not fixed, holds office during the pleasure of the President.	Not fixed, holds office during the pleasure of the Governor.
SALARY	Determined by Parliament.	Determined by the State legislature.
POWERS & FUNCTIONS	Article 74/163: Council of ministers with the PM/CM as the head to aid and advise the President/Governor on the exercise of his functions. Article 75/164: Other ministers shall be appointed by the President/Governor on the advice of the PM/CM, all ministers shall hold office during the pleasure of the President/Governor and shall be collectively responsible to the House of people/legislative assembly of the state. Resignation or Death of the PM/CM automatically dissolves the council of ministers.

Trick to Remember Articles– Difference of ‘89’ between Central and State Government i.e. Executive + Legislative organ in most of the cases (not all). Ex- Appointment of PM/CM – 75 + 89 = 164.

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Also Read: KEY PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE AND CABINET COMMITTEES IN INDIA: ROLES AND FUNCTIONS

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Updated on April 25, 2024

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