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INDIAN POLITY

109

PMO & Cabinet Secretariat: Function & Role in Indian Governance
Indian Fundamental Duties: Role, Evolution & Constitutional Significance
Uniform Civil Code in India: Legal Processes, Challenges, and Controversies
Directive Principles of State Policy in India: Governance, Challenges, and Impact
Constitutional Balance between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles in India
Government of India Acts: Evolution, Autonomy & Road to Independence (1919-1947)
Country’s Demographic Profile: Census of India, NPR, NRC
Indian Citizenship Act: Evolution, Amendments & Special Provisions in India
Post Independence Movements In India: Smaller State Demands and Challenges
Collective and Individual Ministerial Responsibility in India’s Parliamentary System
THE INDIAN DIASPORA: Global Contributions, Challenges, & Government Initiatives
India’s Constitutional Amendments: Flexibility & Rigidity for a Dynamic Democracy
Indian Parliamentary Forums: Initiatives and their Impact since 2005
Union Council of Ministers: Constitutional Evolution & Governance Framework
Indian Citizenship: Rights, Duties & Constitutional Framework
Reorganization of States: Evolution, Unity & Diversity and Challenges
State Reorganization Act of 1956 – Evolution, Linguistic & Cultural Transformations, Progress, Unity
Union and its Territory: Framework, Constitutional Provisions, and Dynamics of State Alterations in India
Basic Structure Doctrine: Evolution, Significance & Criticisms
Preamble of Indian Constitution: Guiding Principles, Evolution, Controversies & Modern Relevance
India’s Constitutional Preamble: Fundamental Principles, Significance, and Evolution
Schedules of Indian Constitution: 12 Schedules, Governance & Democracy
Constitution & Constitutionalism: Foundations, Challenges, and Democratic Safeguards
Evolution of Colonial Governance: Regulating Act 1773 to Charter Act 1793
Features of Indian Constitution: Democracy, Rights & Diversity
Constitutionalism in India: Definition, History, Evolution & Contemporary Triumphs
Constituent Assembly of India: Democracy, Overcoming Critiques & Building a Lasting Legacy
Constitution of India: Sovereignty, Republicanism & Shaping Democracy
EVOLUTION OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCILS: CHARTER ACT, MORLEY MINTO REFORMS, GOI ACT
Evolution of Charter Acts in India: History, Governance & British Rule (1813-1853)
Company Rule in India (1773-1858): Historical Overview & Impact on British India
Charter Act 1793: Trade Expansion, Governance Shifts, Historical Transformations in British India
Amending Act of 1786: Objective, Governance & Feature
Amending Act of 1781: Reforms, Impact on Judiciary & Governance Transformation
Indian Polity and Governance Notes for UPSC Preparation
PART-I (CONSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK)
Indian Constitution: Evolution, Features and Making of a Democratic Framework
Preamble of the Indian Constitution: Principles, History and Significance
BASIC STRUCTURE OF CONSTITUTION
Union and Territory: A Detailed UPSC Study on Articles 1-4 of the Indian Constitution
CITIZENSHIP
Fundamental Rights (Article 12-35) and Their Evolution in India
Directive Principles of State Policy: Significance, Classification and Impact on Social Welfare Laws
Fundamental Duties in India: Article 51A, Historical Evolution & Distinctions from Fundamental Rights
Constitutional Amendment Process in India: Types, Significance & Implications
PART -II (SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT)
Parliamentary System: Features, Merits and Distinctions from the British Model
Federalism – Definition, Feature – Indian Polity Notes for Competitive Exams
Centre State Relations in India: Legislative, Administrative & Financial Dynamics
Inter-State Relations: Laws and Cooperation in India
EMERGENCY PROVISIONS
PART – III (CENTRAL GOVERNMENT)
President of India: Constitutional Roles, Electoral Processes and Executive Authority
Vice President of India: Powers, Elections and Constitutional Significance
Prime Minister of India: Constitutional Aspects, Role and Historical Perspectives
Component of Indian Governance: Prime Minister’s Office, Cabinet Secretariat & Central Secretariat
UNION COUNCIL OF MINISTERS
Cabinet Committees: Role in Governance, Evolution, Functions, & Recent Reconstitution (2019)
Indian Parliament: Structure, Functions and Significance
PART -IV (STATE GOVERNMENT)
Governors in India’s State Governments: Roles, Powers, and Functions
Chief Minister: Roles, Responsibilities & Political Relationships in Indian States
State Council of Ministers in India: Constitutional Framework, Appointment Process and Responsibilities
State Legislature in India: Structure, Functions, and Legislative Process
A Comprehensive Guide to Article 371-371J: Special Provisions for States in Indian Polity
Part – V (JUDICIARY)
Supreme Court
High Courts in India
Subordinate Courts in India
Gram Nyayalayas & Family Courts in India
Tribunals in India
National Green Tribunal (NGT)
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
NALSA
PART-VI (LOCAL GOVERNMENT)
Panchayati Raj in India: Definition, Feature, Challenges and Empowering Local Governance
Municipalities in Indian Polity: Evolution, Types and Governance Challenges
PART-VII (UTs AND SPECIAL AREAS)
Union Territories
PESA Act of 1996 (Extension Act)
PART-VIII (CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES)
Election Commission of India: Composition, Functions and Electoral Reforms
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)
State Public Service Commission (SPSC): Structure, Functions, and Role in Indian Polity
Joint Public Service Commission (JPSC)
Finance Commission
National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC)
National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST)
National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC)
Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG)
Attorney General for India
Advocate General
Co-operative Societies in India
Official Language in India
PART-IX (NON-CONSTITUTIONAL BODIES)
NITI Aayog
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India: Composition, Power & Functions & Challenges
State Human Rights Commissions
Central Information Commission (CIC) & Right to Information Act (RTI) in India: Composition, Functions, and Key Provisions
State Information Commissions
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC): Pillar of Anti-Corruption in Indian Governance
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI): Challenges, Functions and Reforms in Indian Policing
Lokpal and Lokayuktas in India: Structure, Functions and Challenges
LOKAYUKTAS
PART-X (MISCELLANEOUS)
Anti-Defection Law in India: Evolution, Challenges and Electoral Impact
Pressure Groups: Dynamics, Impact and Challenges for Governance
LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA

GOVERNANCE

20

Regulating Act 1773, Background, Provisions, Drawbacks
GOVERNANCE
Governance in India: Dimensions, Challenges & Strategies for UPSC Preparation
Citizen Charters: Evolution, Challenges and Recommendations
RTI Act 2005: Transparency and Accountability, Ombudsman & Lokayuktas in India
Sevottam Model: Governance Excellence through Service, Accountability, and Citizen Empowerment
Social Audit: Principles, Significance and Challenges in Public Governance
E-Governance in India: Innovations, Challenges, and Impact
Role of Civil Services in Sustaining Democratic Values
Indian Bureaucracy and Democracy: Challenges and Evolution in India
Reforms in Need: Strengthening Ethics, Civil Servant Integrity, and Fair Elections by Election Commission
Development Processes: Feature, Pattern & Growth
Civil Societies: Role in Inclusive Governance, Nation Building & Development
NGOs in India: Roles, Challenges and Suggestions for Effective Governance
Self Help Groups (SHGs): Empowering India, Fostering Financial Inclusion & Sustainable Development
Foreign Aid: Method, Rule, and Impact on India’s Development Dynamics
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Implementation, Impact and Recent Developments
Pressure Groups in Indian Politics: Dynamics, Challenges and Impact
Formal Groups and Organizations: Characteristics, Structures & Social Dynamics
Statutory, Regulatory And Various Quasi-Judicial Bodies For Governance

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

61

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
BILATERAL RELATIONS WITH DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
India-Australia Relations: Strategic Partnership And Bilateral Dynamics
India Canada Relations: Ties, Bilateral Engagements & Challenges
India-France: Strengthening Bilateral Ties through Strategic Partnership
India Germany: Bilateral Relations, Strategic Partnership, and Future Collaborations
India-Italy Relations: Strengthening Ties Across Trade, Culture, and Security
India-Israel Relations: Complexities, Challenges, and Collaborations in Diplomacy
India Japan Relation: Bilateral Ties, Economic Cooperation, and Strategic Alliances
India-Russia Relations: Strengthening Ties in Politics, Trade, Defence, and Beyond
India-UK Relations: Navigating Bilateral Ties and Brexit Challenges
India-US Relations: Bilateral Ties, Trade, Defense, and Future Prospects
REGIONAL AND GLOBAL GROUP
APEC – Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation, Global Coverage, Economic Trade & Member Nation
ASEAN: Evolution, Objectives, India’s Engagement, & Regional Challenges
BRICS: Global Dynamics, Economic Cooperation, & Institutional Reforms
BIMSTEC- Objectives, Member Nations, and Strategic Initiatives Explored
G7 Countries: Origin, Objective, Members & other Facts
G20: International Forum, Objectives, Structure, & Role in Global Affairs
G4 Countries: Key issues, UNSC reform, concerns, Coffee Club dynamics
Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA): Objectives, Structure & Regional Dynamics
South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation (SAARC): Origins, Achievements, And SAFTA
Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO): Objectives, Challenges & India’s Strategic Engagement
Non Alignment Movement (NAM): Principles, Evolution, and Global Relevance
Arctic Council: Conservation, Sustainable Development in the Polar Region
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB): Goals, Structure, and India’s Role
CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) – Full Form, Feature & Classifications
United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (UNFCCC): Evolution, Full Form & Initiative
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD): Objectives, Targets
New Development Bank (NDB): Growth, Cooperation, & Sustainable Development Among BRICS Nations
African Development Bank(AfDB): Socio-Economic Growth, & Regional Integration in Africa
Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC): Safeguarding Muslim Interests
South Asia Co-operative Environment Programme (SACEP): Objectives, Governance
INDIA-BRAZIL-SOUTH AFRICA (IBSA): Fostering Global Cooperation Among Democracies
Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC): Formation, Structure, and Regional Dynamics
European Union (EU): Member State, Uniting Nations for Peace, Prosperity & Partnership
Commonwealth of Nations: Shared Values, Meetings, and Global Initiatives
International Organizations
United Nations: Member State, Mission, Organs and Specialized Agencies
UNSC Reform: India’s Demand, Geopolitical Realities, and Challenges Ahead
International Monetary Fund (IMF): Origin, Functions, Quotas, SDRs, India’s Role
Bretton Woods Conference: Goal, Achievement, Shaping Global Finance, IMF, World Bank
World Trade Organisation (WTO): Member State, Achievement, Challenges, Dispute Settlement, & Future Directions
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD): Background, Objectives, Member States
Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC): Objectives, Oil Pricing Policies & Global Impact
International Court of Justice (ICJ): Establishment, Role & Functions, and Significance
International Criminal Court (ICC): Structure, Jurisdiction, and Global Implications for Justice
International Criminal Police Organisation (INTERPOL): Definition, Jurisdiction, Global Police Cooperation and Crime Control
Financial Action Task Force (FATF): Objectives, Combating Money Laundering & Black Money, and Terrorism Financing
IUCN: Safeguarding Biodiversity – Mission, Threatened Species, and Conservation Initiatives
International Labour Organisation (ILO): Treaty, Decades of Commitment, Achievements, and Initiatives
World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO)
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
World Bank
AGREEMENTS
Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA)
Wassenaar Arrangement
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG)
Hague Code of Conduct (HCoC)
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)

INDIAN ECONOMY

17

India’s Banking Sector and Monetary Policy
INDIAN ECONOMY NOTES
Indian Economy: Evolution, Colonial Era to Present Day & Future Prospects
Basics of Money: Exploring the Fundamentals of Indian Economy
Banks in India: Types, Functions & Characteristics
Financial Market: Types, Functions, Role & Economic Impact
Indian Insurance Sector: Evolution, Growth, Rules & Penetration in India
Financial Inclusion: Definition, Significance, and Social Impact
Balance of Payment: Formula, Types, Key Features & Global Economics
Exchange Rate Systems: Global Currency, Inflation Rate & Method of Calculation
World Bank: Global Cooperation & International Organizations
Agriculture in India: Definition, Farming System & Green Revolution
Manufacturing and Industries
Economic Planning in India: Evolution, Challenges, and Transformative Initiatives
Economic Indicators: Definition, Methodology, and Key Insights into GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Unemployment, & Inflation
INFRASTRUCTURE
Inclusive Growth: Definition, Strategies, Policy & Challenges

Agriculture

1

Agriculture

Science & Technology

8

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology: Types, Applications and other facts
Defence Technology: India’s Strategic Initiatives, Missile System, & Modernization Efforts
Biomolecules- Carbohydrates, Proteins, Vitamins and Fats
DISEASES: Communicable & Non-Communicable Health Threats, Tuberculosis to COVID-19
Information Technology: Digital Landscape, 5G to Cybersecurity, IoT to Quantum Computing
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology: Definition, Applications, Implications
SPACE & SPACE TECHNOLOGY: History, Evolution & Significance

Enivornment & Ecology

34

Energy Flow In Ecosystem: Trophic Levels And Mode Of Nutrition
Carbon Cycle: Exploration of Processes, Forms, and Environmental Impacts
Biogeochemical Cycles: Types, Functions, And Significance
Importance Of Forest: Guardians Of Biodiversity And Life’s Essentials
Temperate Forests: Types, Ecological Significance, Cultural Value
Tropical Rainforest: Nature’s Green Treasure & Economic Significance
Coniferous Forests: Characteristics, Types, Economic Significance
Grassland Ecosystems: Biodiversity, Conservation, And Economic Significance
The Desert Ecosystem: Types, Adaptation, Biodiversity & Resilience
Forest Ecosystem: Biodiversity, Types, & Crucial Roles in Environmental Balance
Tundra Ecosystem: Extreme Conditions, Adaptations, Characteristics, Types
Terrestrial Ecosystem: Types, Tundra, Forest, Grassland & Desert Ecosystems
Ecosystem: Components, Functions, Biotic Interactions, Biogeochemical Cycles
Ecosystem: Components, Functions, Energy Flow & Cycle
Human Environment Interaction: Components, Types, and Human Impact on Earth
Ecosystem Dynamics: Characteristic, Types Of Food Webs & Species Interactions
Energy Flow in Ecosystem: Food Chain, Hierarchy, Significance & Characteristics
Ecological Pyramids: Trophic Levels, Types & Energy Dynamics in Ecosystems
Environment: Component, Human-Environment Relationship & Sustainable Development
ENVIRONMENT
ECOLOGY, ECOSYSTEM AND FUNCTIONS OF ECOSYSTEM
Terrestrial Ecosystems: Types, Environmental Factors & Ecological Significance
Aquatic Ecosystems: Classification, Issues, Conservation & Corals
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity Conservation in India: Protected Areas, Biosphere Reserve, National Park
Pollution: Types and Impact on Health, E-Waste and Bioremediation
Environmental Laws in India: Definition, Legal Frameworks & Protection to Biodiversity
Environmental Organizations In India: Biodiversity, Conservation, Welfare
Wildlife Conservation in India: Initiatives, Achievements & Future
Conservation Measures: Modes, Protected Areas, Action Plans, and Initiatives
Environmental Conventions and Protocols: Features, Importance, and Implementation
Climate Change & Mitigation Strategies: Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases
Climate Change Organizations: Exploring Global Initiatives for Environmental Sustainability
Climate Change In India: Actions, Policies, and Initiatives

INTERNAL SECURITY

17

INTERNAL SECURITY
Internal Security Of India: Challenges, Solutions & Hybrid Warfare
Communal Violence: Causes, Legal Provisions, and Preventive Measures
Terrorism And Extremism: Types, Spread. Steps Taken
Organised Crime And Terrorism: Aspects, Fctors, Challenges
The Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) 1958: Origin, Current Status
Left Wing Extremism or Naxalism: Origin, Background, Major Issues
Extremism And Development: Linkages, Causes, Solutions, and Countermeasures
Militancy In Jammu And Kashmir: Background, Human Right Issue, AFSPA
North-East Insurgency: Historical Roots, Challenges, and Peace Initiatives
Cyber Security: Cyber Terrorism, Threats, & Safeguarding Critical Information Infrastructure
Social Media: Impact On Society, National Security, and Democracy
Money Laundering: Impact on Economy, Global Strategies, and Preventive Measures
Security Challenges and Border Management In India: Initiative, Challenge & Way Forward
Security Forces & Agencies: Type, Mandate, Roles, Contributions, and Challenges
Police Reforms In India
Black Money: Dimensions, Socio-Economic Impact & Remedies to Curb

Disaster Management

7

DISASTERS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
Hazards and Disasters: Catastrophes & Impacts for Effective Governance
Classification and Types of Disasters and Natural Hazards
Disaster Management in India
Role of Technology in Disaster Management: NDMS, Early Warning Systems, Satellites
National Policy On Disaster Management 2009: Approach, Objectives, and Issues
Disaster Risk Index and Reduction: Sendai Framework, SDGs & Strategies

Ancient Indian History

13

THE PALLAVAS ( 275CE-897CE ): HISTORY, ART, CULTURE, CONFLICTS, AND DECLINE
16 Mahajanapadas: Rulers, Achievements, and Timelines
Forests in India: Biodiversity, Types, and Conservation
ANCIENT HISTORY
UPSC Notes for Ancient History of India | UPSC Exams
Indus Valley Civilization: Important Dates, Sites & Decline of IVC
Vedic Period: History Notes for UPSC & Govt. Exams
Sangam Age – Political History of South India | UPSC Ancient History Notes
MAURYAN EMPIRE (322-185 BCE): Reign, Ruler & Historical Significance
Jainism and Buddhism: Difference and Similarities| UPSC Notes
Post Mauryan Period (200 BC – 300 AD) – Clashes, Cultures, and Kingdoms in Ancient India
Gupta Empire – Facts about Gupta Period & Gupta Dynasty | UPSC Notes
Harshavardhana: Empire of Harsha, History, Reign | UPSC Notes

Medieval Indian History

9

MEDIEVAL HISTORY
EARLY MEDIEVAL INDIA (c.600-1200 CE) [HISTORY NOTES FOR UPSC & OTHER GOVT. EXAMS]
THE DELHI SULTANATE (1206-1526 AD) – MEDIEVAL INDIA HISTORY NOTES
REGIONAL KINGDOMS OF MEDIEVAL INDIA: AHOMS, MEWAR, KASHMIR, DYNASTIES
VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE: RISE, RULE, AND CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE (1336-1646 AD)
BAHMANI KINGDOM (C.1347- 1525 CE): RISE, CONFLICT, AND POLITICAL HISTORY
BHAKTI MOVEMENT: IMPORTANCE, NAYANARS, ALVARS & FEATURE
MUGHAL PERIOD (1526-40 and 1555-1857)
MARATHA EMPIRE [1674-1818]: MARATHA-MUGHAL CONFLICTS

Modern Indian History

185

Charter Act of 1793
Portuguese Governors in India: Shaping Empires and Enduring Legacy of Colonial Rule
Mahadev Govind Ranade: Architect of Change in Colonial India
Administration Before 1857: Impact of British Administration
Indian National Army: Bose Vision, Role, and Impact in the Freedom Struggle
Sikh & Hindu Revival Movements: Akali Movement, Arya Samaj
India’s Press Evolution Post First World War: Shaping Nationalism
The Second World War: Press Evolution & Independence Struggle in India
Rise of Hyderabad Kingdom: History, Nizam Rule & Integration with India
Causes Of British Success In India
Evolution of Press in India: Different Publications, Journals & Leaders
British Rule in India: Press Laws & Resistance
Freedom of the Press Pioneers
Dutch East India Company: Spice Trade & Rivalries
Danes in India: Colonial Legacy. Cultural Exchange & Missionary Endeavors
India’s Vernacular Press Act: Impact, Opposition, and Repeal
Colonial India’s Committees On Press: Control & Influence
Evolution of Press in India Post-Independence Journey
Salt Satyagraha Movement: Dandi March, Civil Disobedience & Struggle for Freedom
First Round Table Conference 1930: Indian Reforms, British-India Talks & Quest for Self-Rule
Gandhi Irwin Pact: Date, Key Accord, Significance & Struggle for Independence
Karachi Session 1931: Feature, Resolutions, and Impact on India’s Freedom Movement
Second Round Table Conference: Feature, Participants, Outcomes, and Significance
Civil Disobedience Movement: Outcome, Repression & Gandhi’s Leadership towards Independence
Third Round Table Conference: Outcome, Challenges & Communal Award Impact
Communal Award 1932: Controversy, Division, & Impact on Indian Politics
Poona Pact 1932: Unity, Representation, & Sociopolitical Dynamics in India
Government of India Act 1935: Constitutional Evolution, Federalism, and the Path to Dominion Status
World War II’s Impact on Indian Nationalism: Struggles, Splits, and Independence
Resignation of Congress Ministries 1939: Reason, India’s Stand & World War II
Poona Resolution 1941: Conditional Support to Britain for Indian Independence during World War II
The August Offer 1940: Features, Reactions, & Impact on India’s Independence Struggle
Individual Satyagraha: Members, Goals, Challenges, and Impact on Independence
The Two Nation Theory: Roots, Events, and Impact on India’s Partition
Indian National Army: Freedom Struggle, INA Rebellion, and the Pivotal Role in India’s Fight for Independence
Demand for Pakistan: Lahore Resolution, & Two-Nation Theory
Cripps Mission 1942: Feature, Proposals, Setbacks, and Impact on India’s Political Trajectory
Quit India Movement 1942: Mass Participation, Gandhi’s Leadership & Call for Do or Die
Parallel Governments & Quit India Movement: Struggle, Empowerment, & Success
INA Trials: Defense Committee, Legal Battle, and Heroes’ Release
Direct Action Day: Jinnah’s Resolution, Communal Mobilization, & India’s Partition Path
Socio-Religious Movements: 19th Century, Colonial Impact, Social Awakening, and Transformation
Muslim Reform Movements: Organisation, Leaders, and Societal Impact in 19th Century India
Mercantilism in British India (1757-1813): Economic Exploitation, Resource Control & Drain of Wealth
First World War: Aftermath, India’s Struggles & Awakening
Indian National Congress History
Indian Councils Act 1861
English Rule in India
Satyagraha: Evolution, Struggle, and Influence of Gandhi
Government of India Act 1919
British Economic Policy in India
British Policy in India
The Revolutionary Phase
Revolutionary Activities In Punjab and Madras
Revolutionary Activities In Maharashtra’s Freedom Struggle
Anglo French War in India
Wavell Plan
Cabinet Mission Plan 1946
Cabinet Mission 1946
The Desai-Liaqat Pact for Peace
Rajagopalachari Formula
Revolutionary Activities In Bengal’s Struggle
Mountbatten Plan
Indian Independence Act 1947
First Anglo Maratha War (1775-1782)
Hindu Reform Movements
Sikh Reform Movement
Parsi Reform Movement Modernizing Zoroastrianism, Empowering Women, and Advancing Education
Parsi Reform Movement
Socio-Religious Reform Movement
Bengal’s Dual System
Charter Act
Early Judicial System in India
British Police System in India
British Indian Army
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Swami Vivekananda: Spiritual Pioneer & Global Visionary, Legacy and Continuing Impact
Swami Dayananda Saraswati: Biography, Arya Samaj & Revival of Vedic Understanding
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Pioneer of Education, Language, and Social Reform in 19th-Century India
Keshab Chandra Sen: Brahmo Samaj, Visionary Reformer, and Advocate for Women’s Rights
Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa: Inspiring Unity, Spiritual Wisdom, and Transformative Love
Annie Besant: Biography, Spiritual Leader, Leader of Theosophical Society
Syed Ahmad Khan: Educationist, Reformer, Aligarh Movement, and Social Change
Baba Dayal Das’ Sikh: Nirankari Movement, Sikh Reforms & Legacy
Sarojini Naidu: Nightingale of India, Pioneer of Women’s Empowerment
Pandita Ramabai: Women’s Rights & Education, Social Reform, and Philanthropy
Jyotiba Phule (Jyotiba Phule: Championing Equality and Social Justice)
Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar: Contribution, Advocate for Equality, and Architect of India’s Inclusive Constitution
Robert Clive: Political, Economic Reform, and Architect of British Dominance in Colonial India
Warren Hastings: First Governor General, and Pioneer of British India & Architect of Change
Lord Cornwallis (1786–1793)
Sir John Shore: Architect of Stability in British India (1793-1798)
Lord Wellesley: Expansion, Wars, and Subsidiary Alliances & Financial Challenges
Ryotwari System: Impact on Farmers and Revenue
Mahalwari System: Land Revenue Impact on Peasants
Permanent Settlement System: Impact on Indian Agriculture, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Abolition
Governor General of Bengal’s Colonial Leaders: Evolution of Governance (1773-1833)
Drain of Wealth: Exploitation of India’s Economy, British Policies, and Impact on Prosperity
Moderate Phase (1885-1905): Reforming India, Colonial Challenges & Achievements
India’s Extremist Phase (1905-1920): Rise, Tactics, and Limitations
Surya Sen: Chittagong Raid, Struggle & Indian Republican Army
Indian Independence Committee: Anti-British Mission, Objectives, Challenges, and Conclusion
Moderates and Extremists: Difference, Objectives, Methods & Impact on India’s Freedom Struggle
Partition Of Bengal Divide: Impact on Nationalism & Independence Movement
Muslim League: Founder, Leadership, and Evolution in India’s Political Landscape
Revolutionary Movement: Origin, Impact, Evolution & Roots of Militant Nationalism
Surat Split: Causes, Consequences, & Its Lasting Impact on the Indian Independence Movement
Morley Minto Reforms: Features, Communal Divide & Political Challenges in 1909 India
Revolutionary Activities Abroad
Ghadar Party: Revolution, Struggles & Legacy in India’s Fight for Independence
Komagata Maru Incident (1914)
Lucknow Session- The Lucknow Pact (December 1916), Its Significance And Impacts
Home Rule Movement: List of Freedom Fighter, Objectives & Impact (1915-1916)
August Declaration 1917: Self-Government, Outcomes & Critiques by Indian Nationalists
Champaran Satyagraha: Gandhi’s Pivotal Role in Farmer Justice and Freedom Movement
Ahmedabad Mill Strike 1918: Gandhi’s First Hunger Strike & Economic Justice
Kheda Satyagraha: Gandhi’s Rural Uprising Against Unjust Taxes and Oppression
Rowlatt Acts of 1919: Gandhi’s Satyagraha & Birth of India’s Anti-Colonial Uprising
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre 1919: Date, Causes, and Historical Impact
Khilafat Committee 1921: Resolution, Demands, Gandhi’s Support, and Government Repression
Non Cooperation Movement 1920: Timeline, Phases, and Withdrawal
Muddiman Committee: Report Feature, Proposed Changes 1919 Act
Simon Commission 1927: Reforms, Political Reactions, & Road to the Government of India Act 1935
Bardoli Satyagraha: Patel’s Tax Protest for Peasant Rights
Nehru Report 1928: Constitutional Reform, Unity, and Sectarian Challenges in India
Jinnah’s 14 Points: Muslim Demands for Fair Representation
Lahore Session 1929: Purna Swaraj Declaration & Independence Struggle
Allahabad Address and the Two-Nation Theory
Charter Act of 1813 – Impact on Indian Education
Orientalist Anglicist Controversy in India
Wood’s Despatch 1854: Transformed Indian Education
Hunter Commission (1882-83): Objective, Recommendations, and Significance
Reforming Education: Impact of Indian Universities Act 1904
Government Resolution on Education Policy 1913
Saddler University Commission (1917-19): Objectives, Recommendations, And Its Impact
Dyarchy in British India: Impact of the Government of India Act 1919 on Education
Hartog Committee Report(1929): Objectives, Findings, And Recommendations
Wardha Scheme: Focus on Basic Education & Transforming Education for Independence
Transforming Indian Education: Sergeant Plan Of Education Vision & Challenges
The Kothari Education Commission (1964-66): Shaping India’s Education Future
Development Of Vernacular Education’s Evolution in Colonial India
Evolution of Technical Education in India: British Legacy and Beyond
Evaluation Of British Policy On Education
Regulating Act 1773, Background, Provisions, Drawbacks
Pitt’s India Act 1784: British Control, Challenges, and Governance Shift
Religious Policies of the Portuguese in India: Forced Conversions, Expansion & Cultural Impact
Charter Act 1813: Ending Monopoly, Promoting Progress in Colonial India
Charter Act 1833: Transformation of British Rule in India
Revolutionizing British Rule: Charter Act 1853 Reforms
Transforming India: Government of India Act 1858 & British Rule Shift
Indian Councils Act 1892 – Modern History Notes for UPSC
Indian Independence Act of 1947: Formation, Challenges, and Consequences
First Governor of Bengal (1754–1767): Robert Clive, British Rule & Dual System
Governor Generals Of India (1832-1858): The Evolution of Indian Leadership
Governor Generals & Viceroys of India: Name List, Evolution & Power (1600-1947)
The Indian National Movement: History, Phase, Struggle & Triumph for Independence
History of the French in India: Colonial Past, Rivalries & Cultural Legacy
Alfonso de Albuquerque: Architect of Portuguese Power & Foundations in Colonial India
Development Of Indian Press During British Rule – UPSC Notes
First European In India – Portuguese, 450 Years of Exploration, Influence & Legacy
Advent of Europeans in India: Trade, Colonization, and Societal Shifts
Aurangzeb’s Legacy: The Decline and Aftermath of the Mughal Empire
Portuguese in India: Rise, Failures, and European Competition
List of Mughal Emperor: Order, Ruler, Reign & British Arrival
Later Mughals & Decline of Mughals Empire: Rise of Regional Powers
Social Reformers of India: Champions of Change During 19th Century
Ramakrishna Mission: Swami Vivekananda’s Spiritual Legacy & Humanitarian Vision
Anglo Mysore Wars: Resilience and Conflict
Brahmo Samaj: Leaders & Influential Movements in the 19th-20th Centuries
Young Bengal Movement: Progressive Renaissance, Ideas & Reform
Raja Ram Mohan Roy: Indian Renaissance, Life & Contributions in Modern reforms
Social And Religious Reforms Movements: Deoband, Barelvi, & Faraizi Movement
Mahadev Govind Ranade: Architect of Change in Colonial India
Annie Besant: Advocate of Indian Home Rule League and Social Reforms
Social Reform Movements: Challenges and Transformative Impact on Nation-Building
Ramakrishna Paramahamsa (1836-1886): Facts for UPSC
Status of Women in India: Transformative Reforms, Legal Measures & Societal Empowerment
SNDP Movement: Helping Ezhava Community Progress
Swami Vivekananda: Biography, Life History, Teachings & Facts
Maharishi Dayanand Saraswati: Ideology and Contributions
Changing Movements: Arya Samaj & Dev Samaj’s Role in Modern India
Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar: Contribution in Education, Social Reform, and Linguistics
Keshub Chandra Sen: Life, Ideology and Contributions
Vokkaligara Sangha: Equality, Empowerment & Social Transformation in Karnataka
Socio Religious Reform Movement in India: Ahmadiyya and Wahabi/Walliullah Impact

POST INDEPENDENCE HISTORY OF INDIA

8

POST INDEPENDENCE HISTORY OF INDIA
Independent India
Indian Democracy: From Emergence of Electoral Politics to Democratic Institutions
India’s Foreign Policy
Economic Development
India After Independence
Regionalism in India
Popular Movements in India

Indian Society

11

INDIAN SOCIETY
Salient Features Of Indian Society: Unity In Diversity, Tribes, Family
Globalisation: Impact on Indian Society, Benefits, and Challenges
Social Empowerment: Strategies for Tribes, Women, Scheduled Castes, Minorities
Poverty and Development Issues
Urbanization
Population: India’s Demographic Landscape, Distribution, and Growth Trends
Women: Navigating the Landscape of Gender Empowerment in India, Challenges, and Recent Developments
Secularism
Communalism
Regionalism: Unity, Diversity, and Inclusive Development

Physical Geography

49

Minerals: Composition, Significance, and Challenges in Mining
Hotspot & Mantle Plumes: Theories, Landforms, Formation and Significance
Protectors of the Sky: How Earth’s Atmosphere Deals with Solar Radiation
Landforms and Their Evolution (Part 2)
Landforms in Progress (Part 1): The Ongoing Work of Geomorphic Agents
Evolution of the Indian Plate: From an Island to the Himalayas
Continental Drift: Earth’s Geological Evolution
Heat Budget : How Earth Manages Its Energy
Solar Radiation: Exploring Earth’s Energy Secrets
Distribution of Volcanoes: Exploring Earth’s Volcanic Hotspots and Hazards
Exploring Volcanic Landforms: Earth’s Unique Features
sunami: Characteristics, Causes, Impacts, and Early Warning Systems Worldwide
Lunar Eclipses (Chandra Grahan): Science, Culture, and History
Earthquake Zones: India’s Vulnerability, Preparedness, World Distribution
Natural Geysers and Hot Springs: Earth’s Dynamic Eruptions and Healing Waters
Understanding Rocks System and Geological Survey of India: Role, Categorization and Significance
Exploring Volcanoes: The Basics of Volcanicity
Indian Rock Systems: A Comprehensive Journey from Vindhyan to Anthropocene
Natural Geysers and Hot Springs: Earth’s Dynamic Eruptions and Healing Waters
Earthquake Zones: India’s Vulnerability, Preparedness, World Distribution
Earthquake’s Seismic Waves: Exploring the Dynamics, Impact, and Shadow Zones of Earthquake
Interior Of The Earth: From Crust to Core
Lunar Eclipses (Chandra Grahan): Science, Culture, and History
Solar Eclipses: Observation, Science, and Myths
Revolution of Earth: Role in Seasons and Solstices
Rotation of Earth: Impact on Day and Night, Time Zones, and Climate
Longitude: Vertical Lines Across the Globe
The Formation of Earth: Geological History and Mass Extinctions
Earth’s Latitude: Tropic of Capricorn and Beyond
The Structure of Earth – Evolution of Earth, and Emergence of Life
The Milky Way Galaxy: A Cosmos Journey through Galaxies, Dark Matter, and Gravitational Lensing
Origin Of Universe: The Big Bang Theory, Cosmic Evolution, and Potential Fates
Explore the Minor Planets (Part-2): Comets, Meteoroids, Meteorites, and Meteors
Understanding The Minor Planets (Part-1): Asteroids, Asteroid Belts, and Kuiper Belt
Planets in Solar System (Part-2): Jovian Planets, Dwarf Planets, and More
Planets in Solar System Part-1 – From Terrestrial Worlds to Gas Giants
Solar Insights: Understanding Our Sun and Its Effects
Our Solar System: A Comprehensive Exploration of Our Celestial World
Formation of Stars: Part-II – From Formation to Cosmic Remnants
Formation of Stars Part-I: From Cosmic Clouds to Shining Stars
GEOGRAPHY
PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Basics of Geography
Geomorphology: Earth’s Structure, Tectonics, and Landforms
Geomorphic Processes: Types of mountains, Movements, & Erosion
Geographical Phenomenon: Volcanism, Earthquake, Tsunami
OCEANOGRPAHY
Climatology: Structure of Atmosphere, Weather Patterns, & Temperature
Types of Climate: Characteristics of Equatorial, Tropical Monsoon Regions

Human & Economic Geography

11

HUMAN & ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY
Population in India: Demographic Trends, Growth Rates, and Socioeconomic Impacts
India and Migration: Dynamics, Challenges, and Government Initiatives
Human Development: Insights, Inequalities, and Global Perspectives on Well-being Enhancement
Human Settlement: Types, Patterns, and Challenges in Rural and Urban Areas
Land Resources: Management, Mapping & Nurturing India’s Vital Assets
Agricultural Development: Enhancing Productivity with Land, Finance, Seeds, Water
Livestock And Fisheries: Challenges, Initiatives, and Opportunities
Water Resources: Challenges, Management, & Traditional Conservation in India
Minerals and Energy Resources of India: Distribution, Government Measures & Challenge
Manufacturing Industries In India: Classifications, Location & Economic Significance

Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

8

ETHICS
Ethics and Human Interface: Components, Values, and Morals
Attitude: Definition, Feature, Structure and Function in Human Behaviour
Aptitude And Foundational Values For Civil Services: History, Evolution & Challenge
Emotional Intelligence: Definition, Importance, and Practical Applications
Moral Thinkers & Philosophers From India & World: Gandhi, Marx, Plato, Socrates
Civil Service Values, and Ethics in Public Administration: Accountability, Governance
Probity In Governance

आपदा एवं इसका प्रबंधन

1

आपदा एवं इसका प्रबंधन

स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत

8

स्वतंत्रता के बाद भारत
राष्ट्र निर्माण प्रक्रिया और इसकी चुनौतियां
उपनिवेशवाद से स्वतंत्रता की ओर
भारत की विदेश नीति
आर्थिक विकास
स्वतंत्रता के बाद के इतिहास में महत्वपूर्ण मुद्दे
क्षेत्रीय असंतोष
भारत में लोकप्रिय आंदोलन / कार्यक्रम

भारत का भूगोल

10

अध्ययन सामग्री
भारत का भूगोल
भारत के भूआकृति विज्ञान की बुनियाद
उत्तरी मैदान
प्रायद्वीपीय भारत
भारत का अपवाह तंत्र
भारतीय मौसम- ऋतु
भारतीय जलवायु
भारत की मिट्टी
वनस्पतियां

भारत की राजव्यवस्था

32

भारत की राजव्यवस्था
संविधान का निर्माण (उड़ान)
संविधान की प्रमुख विशेषताएं (उड़ान)
संघ एवं इसका क्षेत्र (उड़ान)
नागरिकता (उड़ान)
मूल अधिकार (उड़ान)
राज्य के नीति-निदेशक तत्व (उड़ान)
मूल कर्तव्य (उड़ान)
संविधान की मूल संरचना सिद्धांत (उड़ान)
संविधान संशोधन (उड़ान)
संसदीय प्रणाली (उड़ान)
केंद्र राज्य संबंध (उड़ान)
अंतर्राज्यीय संबंध (उड़ान)
आपातकालीन प्रावधान (उड़ान)
राष्ट्रपति और राज्यपाल (उड़ान)
उपराष्ट्रपति ( VICE-PRESIDENT) (उड़ान)
प्रधानमंत्री और मुख्यमंत्री (उड़ान)
केन्द्र (भाग V) और राज्य मंत्रीपरिषद (भाग VI) (उड़ान)
संसद (उड़ान)
संसदीय समितियाँ (उड़ान)
उच्चतम न्यायालय (उड़ान)
उच्च न्यायालय (उड़ान)
अधीनस्थ न्यायालय (भाग VI; अनुच्छेद 233-237) (उड़ान)
अधिकरण (ट्रिब्यूनल) (उड़ान)
राज्य विधानमंडल: भाग VI- अनुच्छेद168 से 212 (उड़ान)
स्थानीय स्वशासन: पंचायत और नगरपालिकाएँ (उड़ान)
अनुसूचित और जनजातीय क्षेत्र (उड़ान)
कुछ राज्यों के लिए विशेष प्रावधान (उड़ान)
संवैधानिक निकाय (उड़ान)
गैर- संवैधानिक निकाय (उड़ान)
सहकारी समितियाँ (उड़ान)
दल परिवर्तन/दल बदल कानून (उड़ान)

अन्य

57

QUICK REVISION
Functions of Parliament(Part-V) in Indian Constitution
IMPORTANT INDEXES AND REPORTS
National Emergency Provisions: Safeguarding India’s Unity, Security, and Democracy
Journey of Constituent Assembly and Making of Constitution
FEATURES OF THE CONSTITUTION: SIGNIFICANCE, STRUCTURE, AND EVOLUTION
UNDERSTANDING INDIA’S CONSTITUTION: PRINCIPLES & PREAMBLE OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION
UNDERSTANDING INDIAN CITIZENSHIP: RIGHTS, ACQUISITION, LOSS
UNDERSTANDING INDIA’S TERRITORIES: STATES VS. UNION TERRITORIES
Directive Principles Of State Policy: Definition, Balancing Rights, And Constitutional Significance
FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES: UNDERSTANDING INDIA’S VALUES & RESPONSIBILITIES </

Online Courses

Optional

Offline Centres

Delhi

Online Courses

Offline Centres

Optional

Delhi

Online 1

Online 2

Offline 1