Inter-State Relations: Laws and Cooperation in India |
Inter-State Relations in India: Waters, Councils and Trade Dynamics
- Inter-State Water Dispute (Article 262)
- Inter-State Councils (Article 263)
- Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings.
- Inter-State Trade and Commerce (Article 301 to 307)
- Zonal Councils under States Reorganisation Act 1956
Inter-State Relations in India: Water Disputes (Art. 262) and Collaborative Governance
| Article 262 |
|
Water Governance in India: Navigating Inter-State Relations through River Boards and Dispute Adjudication
| River Boards Act 1956: | A river board is established by the Centre on the request of the state to advise them. |
| Inter-State Water Disputes Act 1956: | Empowers Centre to set up an ad hoc tribunal for the adjudication of an inter-state water dispute between 2 or more states + Decisions of the tribunal are binding + No courts have jurisdiction over such disputes. |
Managing Inter-State Water Disputes and Enhancing Inter-State Relations in India
| NAME | YEAR | STATES INVOLVED |
| Krishna Water Dispute | 1969 | MH, KR, AP |
| Godavari Dispute | 1969 | MP, KR, AP, MH, OD |
| Narmada | 1969 | RJ, GJ, MP, MH |
| Ravi & Beas | 1986 | PB, HR, RJ |
| Cauvery | 1990 | KR, KL, TN, Puducherry |
| Second Krishna Water Dispute | 2004 | MH, KR, AP |
| Vansadhara | 2010 | OD, AP |
| Mahadayi | 2010 | Goa, KR, MH |
Inter-State Council (Art. 263) in India: Enhancing Coordination and Advisory Role in Inter-State Relations:
| Purpose |
|
| Status |
|
| Setup |
|
| Role of President |
|
| Functions |
|
| Decisions |
|
| Composition |
|
| Meetings |
|
Enhancing Inter-State Relations: The Crucial Role of Standing Committee in India’s Governance:
- Set up in 1996 + For continuous consultation and processing of matters for the consideration of council.
- Members of the Committee: Union Home Minister as Chairman + Five Union Cabinet Ministers + Nine CMs
- The Council is assisted by Inter-State Council Secretariat: Set up in 1991 + Headed by Secretary to the Government of India.
Inter-State Trade & Commerce: Legal Dynamics and Inter-State Relations in India:
| Article | Description |
| 301 |
|
| 302 | Provides for restrictions:
|
| 303 |
|
| 304 |
|
| 305 |
|
Public Acts, Records and Judicial Proceedings in inter-State Relations:
- Full faith & credit to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of the Centre and States throughout the country.
- Parliament by laws, will determine the manner in which and the conditions under which such acts, records and proceedings are to be proved and their effect determined.
- Final judgements & orders of civil courts in any part of India are capable of execution anywhere within India. This rule applies to civil judgments and not to criminal judgments.
Zonal Councils in Indian Governance: Deliberations, Recommendations and Advisory Roles:
- Statutory (Extra-constitutional) body + Established under Reorganisation of States Act 1956 (7th CAA 1956)
- They are only deliberative and advisory bodies; recommendations are not binding.
- The Zonal Councils should meet at least twice a year
- Members of Zonal Councils: à Union Home Minister as Chairman + CMs of all the states in the zone + CMs of all the states in the zone + Administrator of each UT in the zone
North-Eastern Council and Inter-State Relations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Its Role and Impact:
- Statutory body Created by separate act: North-Eastern Council Act, 1971.
- Members: all North Eastern states.
- Composition:
- Ex-officio Chairperson – Union Home Minister
- Vice-Chairperson – Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of DoNER.
- Members – Governors and Chief Ministers of all the eight States and 3 members nominated by the President.
- Sikkim was added in 2002 as the eighth member of the North-Eastern Council
